Peach is a fruit highly appreciated by consumers; however, it is highly perishable, so drying is an alternative to preserve its physical and chemical properties. In this study, the effect of drying in natural and forced convection at three different temperatures (40 °C, 45 °C and 50 °C) and solar drying with two air velocities (1 m/s and 3 m/s) on the color, texture, total phenol content and antioxidant capacity of peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch), were evaluated. The experimental data of the drying kinetics were adjusted to five different mathematical models (Page, Logarithmic, Two-term exponential, Wang and Singh, and Verma et al.). The model that best represented the experimental data in natural convection was the Wang and Singh model (r2 > 0.998; RMSE < 0.016; χ2 < 2.85 × 10−4); in forced convection (45 °C and 50 °C), it was the Verma et al. model (r2 > 0.997; RMSE < 0.025; χ2 < 8.12 × 10−4); and finally, for solar drying, it was the Logarithmic model at 3 m/s (r2 = 0.999; RMSE < 0.012; χ2 < 1.12 × 10−4) and Wang and Sing model (1 m/s) (r2 = 0.998; RMSE = 1.31 × 10−4; χ2 = 1.92 × 10−4). The highest color difference was in samples dried by the natural convection method. The highest values of hardness were obtained by the solar drying method. The value of chlorogenic acid increased with the temperature of natural convection, while the concentration of neochlorogenic acid increased with the temperature at forced convection. For solar drying, the values of chlorogenic acid were greater at 3 m/s; in contrast, the neochlorogenic acid was greater at 1 m/s.
Objetivo: analizar la diversidad, uso y manejo de raíces y tubérculos comestibles, a través del análisis del índice de valor de uso (IVU) y el nivel de uso significativo TRAMIL. Metodología: se aplicaron cuestionarios a 60 personas de la comunidad, así como seis entrevistas y observación etnográfica con informantes clave. Resultados: se encontraron 6 especies y 27 variedades. El 49.9% de los encuestados señaló conocer todas las variedades descritas y se registraron cinco categorías de uso: alimento humano, alimento animal, medicinal, ritual/ceremonial y ornamental. El camote (Ipomoea batatas), el makal (Xanthosoma yucatanense) y la yuca (Manihot esculenta) presentaron un valor de uso más alto (0.06), mientras que la jícama (Pachyrhizus erosus) mostró el menor valor (0.05). Ocho variedades presentaron un nivel de uso significativo mayor al 20%: la yuca blanca (88.3%), la jícama sak chikam (86.66%), el camote con las variedades sak iss (75%), maay muula (71.6%) e xk’an iss (68.3%). Finalmente, la yuca amarilla (41.6%), y el makal con dos variedades xka’ aben makal (28.3%) e x´mejen sak makal (31.6%). Limitaciones: es un estudio de caso, donde en la milpa, además de los policultivos tradicionales, frijol, maíz y calabaza, se cultiva tubérculos que son importantes para la alimentación y que sería enriquecedor ampliar el área de estudio y la permanencia en las comunidades mayas para documentar y revalorar la reincorporación del cultivo de las raíces y tubérculos en la milpa maya. Conclusiones: la milpa y el solar siguen siendo los sitios en donde estas plantas se cultivan, por lo que constituyen los reservorios donde pueden conservarse. Diversos factores influyen en los cambios en la dieta y el cultivo de dichas especies, de la comunidad maya de Xocén, siendo la migración, y el cambio climático los más relevantes.
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