RESUMOForam analisadas 136 amostras de iogurtes com frutas de 8 marcas diferentes, adquiridas em supermercados da cidade de São Paulo, no período de 1997 a 1998, com a finalidade de caracterizá-los quanto aos parâmetros físico-químicos, identificação histológica das frutas adicionadas e viabilidade de bacté-rias lácticas viáveis. Nas avaliações foram utilizadas metodologias oficiais e recomendações. Quanto aos parâmetros físico-quími-cos, os resultados obtidos das variações médias e desvio padrão foram os seguintes: pH (4,01±0,11); substâncias voláteis (77,91%±1,85); resíduo mineral fixo (0,68%±0,10); lipídios (1,95%±0,65); proteínas (2,95%±0,46); carboidratos totais (15,89%±1,44) e valor calórico (93±9). Das 136 amostras analisadas, detectou-se fraude em 5,8% por não apresentarem as frutas indicadas na rotulagem, em 40,4% por apresentarem elementos histológicos de vegetais não discriminados pelos fabricantes e 44,1% por conterem fungos filamentosos, indicativo de utilização inadequada de matéria-prima. Quanto à viabilidade das bactérias lácticas, verificou-se a positividade da fermentação em até a diluição 10 -7 em todas as amostras, mesmo naquelas que apresentavam apenas cocos Gram-positivos. Na contagem individual de estreptococos e de lactobacilos constituintes da microbiota láctica, 31,73% das amostras apresentaram quantidade igual ou superior a 10 7 UFC/mL, limite mínimo indicado pela Recomendação Mercosul nº 31/97. Palavras-chave: iogurtes com frutas; composição nutricional e valor calórico; identificação histológica; viabilidade de bactérias lácticas. SUMMARYPHYSICO CHEMICAL, HISTOLOGYCAL AND VIABILITY OF LACTIC BACTERIA IN YOGURTS CONTAINING FRUIT. One hundred and thirty six (136) samples of yogurts with fruits from eight different brands, acquired in supermarkets of São Paulo, in the period betwen 1997 and 1998, have been analysed aiming to characterise them for physico-chemical parameters, histologycal identification of added fruits and viability of lactic bacteria. On valuation official methodologies and recommendations were used . Concerning the physico-chemical parameters, the obtained results for medium verification and standard deviation were as follows: pH (4.01±0.11); volatile substances (77.91%±1.85); fixed mineral residue (0.68%±0.10); lipids (1.95%±0.65); protein (2.95%±0.46); total carbohydrates (15.89%±1.44) and caloric value (93±9). From the 136 samples analyzed, fraud was detected in 5.8% for not containing the fruits indicated in the label, in 40.4% for containing hystological elements of vegetables not discriminated by the manufacturer and in 44.1% for containing filamentous fungi, a signal of bad usage of the raw material. The positivity of fermentation in a dilution of up to 10 was verified with regard to the viability of lactic bacteria even in those samples which had only cocci Granpositives. In the individual counting of sterptococci and lactobaccilli, 31.73% of the samples had at least 10 7 UFC/mL, the minimum limit indicated by "Recomendação Mercosul nº 31/97".Keywords: yogurts ...
SUMMARYBotulism is a rare and potentially lethal illness caused by Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin. We describe the findings of a laboratorial investigation of 117 suspected cases of botulism reported to the surveillance system in Brazil from January 2000 to October 2008. Data on the number and type of samples analyzed, type of toxins identified, reporting of the number of botulism cases and transmission sources are discussed. A total of 193 clinical samples and 81 food samples were analyzed for detection and identification of the botulism neurotoxin. Among the clinical samples, 22 (11.4%) presented the toxin (nine type A, five type AB and eight with an unidentified type); in food samples, eight (9.9%) were positive for the toxin (five type A, one type AB and two with an unidentified type). Of the 38 cases of suspected botulism in Brazil, 27 were confirmed by a mouse bioassay. Laboratorial botulism diagnosis is an important procedure to elucidate cases, especially food-borne botulism, to confirm clinical diagnosis and to identify toxins in food, helping sanitary control measures.
Avaliou-se as características físico-químicas e microbiológicas de 208 amostras de produtos de confeitaria salgados, comercializados no Estado de São Paulo e colhidos pela Vigilância Sanitária nos anos de 1993 e 1994. Daquele total, quatorze (6,73%) amostras estavam desacordo com a legislação vigente, sendo que quatro foram consideradas como produtos potencialmente capazes de causar enfermidades transmitidas por alimentos e 10 apresentaram insatisfatórias. Em três dessas amostras , houve também condenação pelo cheiro alterado, concluindo-se pela sua impropriedade ao consumo.
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