Corn silk is a part of the corn plant that is still considered to be waste from corn processing; however, corn silk is actually known to have the potential to be developed as functional food ingredients and/or nutraceuticals. The potential applications of corn silk are closely related to its chemical composition and the action mechanisms of its bioactive compounds, which have beneficial effects on human health, such as flavonoids and phenolics. This study aimed to investigate the chemical and phytochemical characteristics of local corn silk powder of three different varieties, i.e. Bisma, Arjuna, and Srikandi Putih. Phytochemical and proximate analyses were conducted on each sample of corn silk powder. The total phenolic content was examined using the Folin-Ciocalteau method, while the beta sitosterol was analysed by gas chromatography and the antioxidant activity of the extract was evaluated using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. The results show that all samples had different amounts for their moisture, ash, protein, fat and carbohydrate contents from the proximate analyses. The Bisma variety of corn silk powder reveals the highest fat and protein contents, which are 0.30%±0.02 and 17.70 ±0.47, respectively. Furthermore, the highest total phenolics, total flavonoids, beta-sitosterol contents and antioxidant activity for the corn silk powder are also demonstrated by Bisma; i.e. 8262.93±178.59 μg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g for total phenolics, 236.03±8.37 μg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g for total flavonoids, 1343.93±78.44ppm for beta-sitosterol and 73%±1.09 for antioxidant activity. Thus, it may be suggested that among the three local varieties of corn silk, a corn silk powder from the Bisma variety could be developed as a source of bioactive compounds and nutrients to convert corn silk from being waste into value-added corn products.

Introduction: Sago analog rice had known as an example of food with high resistant starch. Recent research shows that sago analog rice and red bean flour also had a low glycemic index (GI). However, Identification of hypolipidaemic mechanism based on the nutrigenomic analysis remains unknown. Aim: This study aims to determine the effects of hypolipidaemic in diabetic rats with analog rice treatment. Material and Methods: Thirty-five male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups with different food treatment, such as standard dietary food (STD) group, and four groups of diabetic rats with standard dietary food (STDD), mentik wangi rice diet (MWRD), sago analog rice (SARD) and sago analog rice with 10% red bean flour (SARKBD). Lipid profile was observed every week for a month. Measurement of insulin and blood glucose was performed twice at the beginning and end of treatment. Atherogenic index (AI) was also investigated. Then, the pancreas was collected for histological analysis. Results: SARD group showed the highest effect of decreasing the total cholesterol (47.74%) which followed by SARKBD (34.62%). The triglyceride level in SARD group was also significantly decreased (31.14%), followed by SARKBD (19.32%). However, the HDL increase in SARD (48.66%), followed by SARKBD (36.00%). The LDL level in SARD and SARKBD group were significantly decreased, respectively 32.89% and 22.19%. SARD atherogenic index levels lower than SARKBD; 1.00 and 2.06. Conclusion: The improvement of insulin resistance by SARD and SARKBD were generated by role of resistant starch through the mechanism of bile acid binding, insulin sensitivity escalation and SCFA effect.

Corn silk is a by product that is commonly used as a traditional medicine that contains bioactive compounds such as volatile oils, steroids, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, chlorogenic acid and phenolic compounds, containing minerals, high crude fiber, vitamins (B, C, and K), steroids such as sitosterol and stigmasterol, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, anthocyanins, etc. The solvent used for the extraction of flavonoid compounds are methanol, ethanol, acetone and ethyl acetate. Basic separation by solvent extraction is the difference in the solubility of each composition in compaction with solvent. Solubility is influenced temperature, stirring speed, the extraction time, comprehensive tangent plane solids by solvent extraction and frequency. This study aims to extract corn silk by using a variation of the solvent type in terms of yield, total phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity. The variations of solvent are methanol: water; ethanol: water; ethyl acetate:water, acetone: water, (85:15, v/v). Variations in the type of solvent with the highest yield at a ratio methanol:water, and the ratio ethanol:water, then the ratio acetone:water and the lowest ratio of ethyl acetate:water. At ratio methanol:water obtained yield is 65.8%, total phenol is 45350.27 mg/kg GAE, total flavonoids is 291.28 mg QE/kg and activities of antioxidant is 92.1%.

The study aims to determine the effect of sago analogue rice and red beans in diabetic rats to repair pancreatic β-cells. Thirty-five males Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: normal group diet (STD), the diabetic group (STDD) with a standard feed diet, the diabetic group with mentik wangi rice (MWRD), the diabetic group with sago analogue rice (SARD) and the diabetic group with sago analogue rice with the addition of 10% red bean flour (SARKBD). All groups were analysed for dietary interventions, blood glucose level, insulin level for HOMA-β and HOMA S indices and measurement of insulin level by using IHC analysis. In addition, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) analysis was performed in the caecum. This study showed that decreasing blood glucose level shown in SARD and RASKBD groups. The pancreatic β-cell number indicated an increase in the SARD group compares to the STDD group. The pool total of SCFA in SARD group was the highest among of all groups, as well as the acetate, propionate and butyrate pools. These results indicate that the sago analogue rice diet could repair and increase the expression of pancreatic β-cell through absorption inhibition mechanisms and by increasing insulin sensitivity and the SCFA level.

<p>Rambut jagung yang dikenal sebagai limbah pangan kini mulai banyak diteliti karena kandungan antioksidan yang tinggi. Rambut jagung memiliki kandungan berupa alkaloid, steroid, sitosterol dan stigmasterol, tanin, flavonoid, protein, karbohidrat, vitamin, minyak atsiri, dan garam mineral seperti: Na, K, Mg, Ca.</p><p>Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan metode ultrasonik terhadap kandungan fitokimia, vitamin c, dan protein dalam pengekstrakan rambut jagung dengan berbagai waktu ekstraksi.</p><p>Penelitian ini menggunakan metode ultrasonik dengan pelarut methanol 70%. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan berbagai macam waktu ekstraksi. Dengan 5 perlakuan dan diulang sebanyak 4 kali, dimana setiap perlakuan dengan konsentrasi ekstrak (bahan:pelarut) 1:10, : P1 : 60oC selama 20 menit, P2 : 60oC selama 30 menit, P3 : 60oC selama 40 menit, P4 : 60oC selama 50 menit, dan P5 : 60oC selama 60 menit. Data yang diperoleh dianalisa dengan menggunakan ANOVA dan apabila ada perbedaan yang nyata maka akan dilanjut dengan menggunakan uji DMRT taraf 5%. Adapun variable yang diamati yaitu uji aktivitas antioksidan, uji kandungan flavonoid, uji total fenol, vitamin C, dan protein.</p><p>Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berbagai macam waktu menggunakan metode ultrasonik terhadap ekstrak rambut jagung berpengaruh nyata (p &lt; 0,05) terhadap uji aktivitas antioksidan, uji kandungan flavonoid, uji total fenolik, kadar vitamin C, dan kadar protein. Dengan hasil terbaik adalah pada waktu 60 menit terhadap fitokimia memberi  hasil  uji  aktivitas  antioksidan  sebesar  70,55%,  uji  kandungan  flavonoid sebesar 2,45   mg.QE/g dan uji total fenol sebesar 1,78 mg.GAE/g, vitamin c sebesar 53,98 Mg100/ml, dan kadar protein sebesar 0,58%.</p>