ABSTRAKKonversi habitat dari hutan menjadi area pertanian atau kawasan permukiman, disamping menyebabkan penurunan keanekaragaman hayati juga menimbulkan permasalahan baru, seperti kehadiran hama. Di kawasan permukiman, salah satu hama urban yang cukup mengganggu adalah semut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pola keberadaan semut urban pada permukiman di Palu, Sulawesi Tengah. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada berbagai tipe habitat meliputi perumahan, kebun, taman, semak, pertanian hingga pinggiran hutan. Semut dikoleksi dengan menggunakan perangkap umpan berupa ikan tuna dan gula. Sebanyak 38 spesies semut ditemukan pada keseluruhan gradien habitat di daerah urban di Palu. Keanekaragaman semut memiliki hubungan erat dengan kondisi habitat. Kekayaan dan komposisi spesies semut cenderung meningkat dengan penurunan tingkat gangguan manusia (dari habitat perumahan ke hutan). Semut yang paling dominan dan ditemukan pada keseluruhan habitat adalah Anoplolepis gracilipes, Solenopsis geminata dan Paratrechina longicornis. Ketiga spesies semut ini merupakan spesies semut tramp yang biasa berasosiasi dengan manusia dan bersifat invasif yang berpengaruh negatif tidak hanya bagi keanekaragaman hayati tapi juga bagi manusia. Urbanisasi dan keberadaan manusia memfasilitasi keberadaan semut invasif di daerah urban di Palu.Kata kunci: hama urban, tipe habitat, perangkap umpan, semut tramp ABSTRACT Land-use change, mainly from natural forest to agricultural or settlement area, beside have negative impact on biodiversity also cause a new problem such as the presence of pests. In urban area, the most intrusive and common pest is ant. The objective of this research was to study the occurrence pattern of ants in urban habitat. The research was conducted in several urban habitat in of Palu, Central Sulawesi include of settlement, garden, city park, shrub, agricultural area and forest margin. Ants were observed with bait trap using tuna and sugar. In total, we found 38 ant species from all gradients of urban habitat in Palu. Ant diversity were significantly correlated with habitat condition. Species richness and composition of ants tend to increase with decreasing degree of human disturbance (from settlement to forest margin). The most dominant ant that always found in all urban habitat are Anoplolepis gracilipes, Solenopsis geminata and Paratrechina longicornis. Those species are wellknown as tramp species that co-exist with human and have negative impact *Penulis korespondensi: Hasriyanty. Program Studi Agroteknologi, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Tadulako,

The objective of the research was to study sex ratio and oviposition sequence of egg parasitoid Trichogramma chilotraeae in relation with host density under laboratory condition. Parasitoid response with respect to oviposition sequence was examined by exposing five different host (egg) densities: 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 on female parasitoids T. chilotraeae. Results showed that in general, female parasitoid laid its female progeny at the beginning of oviposition sequence. Host density was found to have a strong effect on sex ratio. Sex ratio increase with increasing of  host number.

UPT Bulupountu Jaya is the one of many shallots or red onions and other vegetables production center in Sigi Regency. The farmers rely heavily on pesticide and chemical fertilizer in their business. Even, the residual pesticide on the plant is beyond permitted standard. The main factor is the lack of awareness and skills of the farmers towards environment-based cultivations and pest control. Our community service with regional featured product schematics, aim to spread the information about the technology of formulation and application of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) as biofertilizer and bioprotectant on red onion plantations. The methods that were going to be implemented, there are training, demonstration plot of technology application, and assistances. The result of our community service, shows that participants are really into this daily program in the moment, shown by the activeness of participants at various stages of activity. This program of our community service increases the farmers skill points to create own PGPR. For the clearest, about 70% participants increased their knowledge and skill to create PGPR and about 60% participants have had interest to develop and apply PGPR as biofertilizer. As doing so, we expect independent of the farmers from being rely on chemical inputs on red onion plantations.

Human activities may influence the diversity of aquatic insects in rivers. This study aims to assess the diversity of aquatic insects and their relation with mercury levels and water quality along rivers located near the gold mine in Poboya, Central Sulawesi. The insects were collected at six locations based on human activity levels. At each site, the mercury level of water was measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). In addition, water temperature, acidity, dissolved oxygen, and total dissolved solids were determined. The study recorded 23 species of aquatic insects belonging to 7 orders and 14 families. Mercury levels in the rivers did not exceed the threshold except at two sites and did not affect aquatic insects’ diversity. The diversity of aquatic insects, however, tends to decrease downstream. The diversity of aquatic insects, particularly the Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera orders, tended to be higher at the higher dissolved oxygen sites.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh tanaman refugia terhadap keanekaragaman serangga penyerbuk pada tanaman padi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Pombewe, Kecamatan Sigi Biromaru, Kabupaten Sigi, Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah, dan Laboratorium Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan (HPT) Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Tadulako, Palu. Penelitian menggunakan dua spesies tumbuhan bunga yang berbeda sebagai tumbuhan suaka: kenikir (Cosmos caudatus), marigold (Tagetes sp.), kenikir dan marigold, dan tanpa refugia. Koleksi serangga dilakukan dengan menggunakan jaring ayun atau Sweep Net. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada pertanaman padi sawah ditemukan serangga penyerbuk dari ordo Hymenoptera, Diptera, dan Lepidoptera dan didominasi oleh Ordo Hymenoptera baik dari segi jumlah spesies maupun jumlah individu. Ditemukan perbedaan jumlah spesies dan jumlah individu serangga penyerbuk pada setiap perlakuan tanaman refugia. Jenis serangga penyerbuk paling banyak ditemukan adalah pada perlakuan kenikir (16 spesies), dibandingkan dengan perlakuan marigold (13 spesies), campuran kenikir dan marigold (13 spesies), dan tanpa refugia (2 spesies). Indeks keanekaragaman serangga penyerbuk dalam kategori sedang ditemukan pada tanaman padi yang menggunakan tanaman refugia baik kenikir (H’= 2.11), marigold (H’=2.04), maupun kombinasi keduanya (H’=1.85). Sedangkan indeks keanekaragaman rendah diperoleh pada perlakuan kontrol atau tanpa refugia (H'=0,59). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tanaman refugia meningkatkan keranekaragaman serangga penyerbuk di tanaman padi sawah.