In the present study, we evaluated the skin whitening effects of supercritical fluid extract (SFE) of the spent coffee (SC) on tyrosinase inhibition activity, melanin synthesis inhibition activity and DOPA staining. Hot water extracts from coffee bean (CB) and SC and drip extracts from CB were employed for control. Inhibitions of melanin activities of SFE (SC) at short processing time were significantly higher than other values under the same extract processing. In comparison, inhibition of melanin activities appeared at high pressure in CB. Tyrosinase inhibition activity of SFE (SC) extracted for 1 h at 150 bar was significantly higher than those of SFE (CB and SC) even of controls. According to the above results, SFE (SC) extracted for 2 h or less at 450 bar showed significantly high activities in the melanin synthesis inhibition and tyrosinase inhibition.

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This study investigated the probiotic and functional characteristics of Mukeunji starter, Lactobacillus curvatus ML17, isolated from Mukeunji. Lb. curvatus ML17 was confirmed as a safe microorganism due to its non-hemolytic activity and non-production of harmful β-glucuronidase and β-glucosidase. Tolerance to artificial gastric and bile juice of Lb. curvatus ML17 was investigated. After incubation in artificial gastric and bile juice, the number of surviving cells was 1.38×10 8 CFU/mL. According to the results of adhesion assay, this strain also exhibited good adhesion to Caco-2 cells. Lb. curvatus ML17 showed good antimicrobial activity against food borne pathogens, especially Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cell-free extract of Lb. curvatus ML17 exhibited high levels of DPPH scavenging capacity and inhibitory effects on growth of AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells and HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells. These results suggest that Lb. curvatus ML17 has potential for application in functional foods.