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The aim of this study was to evaluate the upper and lower pharyngeal airway dimensions were affected by different skeletal malocclusions.Materials and methods: Lateral cephalograms of 120 subjects were used to measure the pharyngeal airway and were divided into three groups (each group included 40 subjects) according to ANB angle: Class I (ANB angle 2 o ≤ ANB ≤ 4 o ), Class II (ANB angle(ANB ≥ 6 o ), and Class III (ANB angle ≤ 0 o ). Various linear cephalometric airway measurements (14 measurements) were used to evaluate pharyngeal airway at various levels. Statistical analyses were performed Using the ANOVA and student t-test.Results: PNS-ppw1 (p < 0.001) and McNamara' lower pharynx dimension (p < 0.05) showed a statistically significant difference between the groups. Two out of 14 variables ie Ba-PNS and t-ppw showed a statistically significant difference between male and female. In both measurements, the difference is significant only in the Class II group with the level of significance being (p < 0.001) in Ba-PNS measurement, and (p < 0.05) in t-ppw measurement. In both measurements males have statistically significant higher mean values than the females. Conclusion:The dimensions of pharyngeal structures were not affected by the changes of the ANB angle. The sagittal skeletal pattern does not seem to influence the variations in the upper airway dimension. There was no significant difference in the dimensions of pharyngeal structures among males and females. Clinical significance:The upper and lower pharyngeal airway dimensions are affected by different skeletal malocclusions can significantly aid in Orthodontic treatment planning.

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare changes in the facial vertical dimension in patients after the extraction of maxillary and mandibular premolars. Materials and methods: The pre and post treatment records of 20 patients of age range 18-25 years who had skeletal class II with hyperdivergent facial form and have undergone maxillary and mandibular first premolar extractions for orthodontic treatment under Roth prescription were taken. Results: There was significant increase seen in the maxillo-mandibular plane (MM angle) and Steiner's SN (Go-Gn) angle of pre and post treatment cephalometric records. Conclusion:The results of this study showed that stress should be given on incisor intrusion and extrusion of molars should be avoided to prevent further increase in vertical dimensions in vertical growers.

The maxillary permanent canine is second only to the third molar in frequency of impaction, with a prevalence of approximately 2 per cent of the population; the palatal canine impaction being 85% of the impacted canines. The orthodontist treating patients with palatally impacted canines usually strives to build a complex treatment plan, based on uncomplicated and biological orthodontic and surgical techniques. The aim of the present case report is to demonstrate the potential of the orthodontic treatment of impacted canine with fixed appliance and open surgical technique for stimulation of physiological eruption of palatally impacted canine. This is a case of 12 year old female patient with maxillary bilateral canine impaction, the right maxillary canine was impacted palatally and the left canine buccally respectively, being treated by surgical exposure and fixed orthodontic therapy.