Percutaneous implantation of central venous port systems is safe and easy to perform. Complication rates of this study compare favorably with those of other radiological and surgical series.
Filters with two or more filtration levels show the highest filtration efficiency in vitro and can be recommended, especially for the critically ill who will probably not tolerate even small emboli. The TrapEase filter is a promising device and should be evaluated clinically.
Fatal pulmonary embolisms as a complication of ultrahigh-dose treatment of pelvic or caval thrombosis can not safely be prevented by the temporary vena cava filters currently available. Filter design needs to be improved.
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