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Here, a two-coupling friction system with a multi-phase working mechanism was considered for 10-story buildings. Within the framework of performance-based seismic design, and based on refined fortification levels and target performance, three optimal models were established. The performance parameters of the isolation layer were used as design variables, and the displacement and the acceleration of the seismic response were used as performance objectives of the structure. Furthermore, sequential quadratic programming was used to solve the dynamic optimization problem of the nonlinear isolated structure. The numerical results illustrate that the optimization model, its formulation, and the proposed algorithms are both reasonable and effective. The two-coupling friction system installed at an isolation layer works in stages. The isolation layer meets the various target performances under different design criteria and different seismic action levels.