This article explores the applicability of fluorescence and absorbance spectroscopy for estimating organic pollution in polluted rivers. The relationship between absorbance, fluorescence intensity, dissolved organic carbon, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and other water quality parameters were used to characterize and identify the origin and the spatial variability of the organic pollution in a highly polluted watershed. Analyses were performed for the Iguassu River, located in southern Brazil, with area about 2,700 km 2 and *3 million inhabitants. Samples were collect at six monitoring sites covering 107 km of the main river. BOD, COD, nitrogen, and phosphorus concentration indicates a high input of sewage to the river. Specific absorbance at 254 and 285 nm (SUVA 254 and A 285 /COD) did not show significant variation between sites monitored, indicating the presence of both dissolved compounds found in domestic effluents and humic and fulvic compounds derived from allochthonous organic matter. Correlations between BOD and tryptophan-like fluorescence peak (peak T 2 , r = 0.7560, and peak T 1 , r = 0.6949) and tyrosine-like fluorescence peak (peak B, r = 0.7321) indicated the presence of labile organic matter and thus confirmed the presence of sewage in the river. Results showed that fluorescence and absorbance spectroscopy provide useful information on pollution in rivers from critical watersheds and together are a robust method that is simpler and more rapid than traditional methods employed by regulatory agencies.
RESUMO Previsto na Lei nº 9.433/97 e em legislações estaduais de recursos hídricos, o enquadramento de corpos de água segundo seus usos preponderantes tem sido aplicado em diversas bacias hidrográficas brasileiras. Por ser de uso relativamente recente, pairam muitas dúvidas em detalhes de sua efetiva aplicação. Isso posto, o presente trabalho apresenta uma sugestão de metodologia que vem sendo aplicada pelos autores, compreendendo os diversos passos citados na Resolução CNRH nº 91/08. A metodologia não se pretende definitiva e visa contribuir para a aplicação da importante ferramenta do enquadramento.
The main goal of this paper is to present a monitoring strategy considering the combination of different water quality parameters and spectroscopic analysis to characterize the organic matter content in urban basins and analyse its main sources, composition, transport and degradation mechanism. The reason for this approach is to find a parameter that will best represent the different fractions of organic matter and overcome some limitations and the subjectivity of the results of current monitoring strategies. The case study was developed at Iguassu River, located in a highly urbanized basin in Curitiba-PR, a 3,000 km² basin with approximately 3 million people. Samples were collected at six monitoring points from 2005 to 2013, over a 100 km reach of the main river. BOD, COD, DOC, absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to characterize the organic content of the river. The results confirmed the high discharges of sewage into the river. DOC seems to be the most appropriate parameter for continuous monitoring due to its stability and representativeness, indicating that it is necessary to learn more about the other parameters commonly used and the relation to the other parameters used in water quality planning and management.
Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as características da matéria orgânica em bacias urbanizadas, por meio de espectros UV-VIS e de fluorescência. Foram estudados dois diferentes ambientes na cidade de Curitiba e Região Metropolitana, o rio Iguaçu, numa extensão de 107 km com 7 pontos de monitoramento, e o lago Barigui, na porção intermediária da Bacia do Alto Iguaçu, com 3 pontos de monitoramento. Os resultados desta pesquisa indicaram que, tanto no rio Iguaçu como no lago Barigui, o carbono orgânico dissolvido têm origem principalmente de efluentes domésticos, refletindo as consequências dos mecanismos de desenvolvimento urbano com lançamento de efluentes domésticos sem tratamento nos respectivos corpos receptores. No lago Barigui, em função de suas características hidrodinâmicas, também foi observada a contribuição de fonte autóctone (produtividade primária) de carbono orgânico dissolvido. Este estudo demonstrou como o uso dos ensaios de espectroscopia e ultravioleta e fluorescência associado ao COD pode colaborar para melhor compreensão da dinâmica da matéria orgânica em ambientes lênticos e lóticos e potencialmente, indicar uma nova aborgadem para a gestão de recursos hídricos e a compreensão das potenciais alterações de qualidade da água.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.