AbstrakTujuan penelitian untuk menjelaskan hakikat ganti rugi (dhaman) berdasarkan perspektif hukum ekonomi syariah dan hukum perdata Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan hukum normatif (legal research) dengan menfokuskan perbandingan hukum. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijelaskan Indonesia menganut dual system dalam hal penerapan hukum ekonomi, yaitu hukum ekonomi syariah dan hukum perdata Indonesia. Implikasi dari dual system tersebut berpengaruh kepada seluruh aspek bisnis termasuk dalam konsep ganti rugi. Dhaman (ganti rugi) merupakan pemenuhan kewajiban berupa ganti kerugian oleh pihak yang merugikan atas hak dari pihak yang dirugikan baik berupa kerugian material maupun immaterial yang timbul pada saat pra-kontraktual, kontraktual dan pasca kontraktual. Dalam penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa hakikat ganti rugi menurut hukum perdata Indonesia mengacu kepada KUH Perdata di mana setiap penggantian kerugian baik itu material maupun immaterial selalu dijumlahkan dengan sejumlah uang. Hakikat ganti rugi dalam konsep hukum ekonomi syariah tidak menyebutkan dengan apa mesti diganti, boleh saja dengan uang atau bisa saja dengan jasa dan bahkan dianjurkan untuk memberi maaf kepada pihak yang merugikan tersebut. AbstractThe purpose of the study is to explain the nature of compensation (dhaman) based on the perspective of sharia economic law and Indonesian civil law. The research method used normative law (legal research) by focusing comparative law. The results of this study can be explained Indonesia adheres to dual systems in the application of economic laws, namely sharia economic law and civil law of Indonesia. The implications of these dual systems affect all aspects of the business including the concept of compensation. Dhaman (compensation) is the fulfillment of obligations in the form of compensation by the adverse party on the rights of the injured party either in the form of material or immaterial losses arising in the pre-contractual, contractual and post-contractual. In this study it can be concluded that the nature of compensation according to Indonesian civil law refers to the Civil Code in which any compensation either material or immaterial is always summed with a sum of money. The nature of compensation in the concept of sharia economic law does not mention what should be replaced, it is okay with money or it could be with the service and even recommended to apologize to the adverse party.

This community empowerment activity in making hand sanitizers was carried out in the Nagari Persiapan Aia Manggih Utara, Kecamatan Lubuk Sikaping. WHO officially declared COVID-19 a pandemic due to the increasingly massive spread of COVID-19 in various countries. One of the efforts to avoid this virus is to maintain hand hygiene. Currently, many hand sanitizers are offered in the form of hand sanitizers because their use is more practical. Hand sanitizer is practical to use and can be carried anytime and anywhere. Generally, hand sanitzers are made using alcohol-based ingredients, but the use of alcohol on the skin is considered unsafe, besides that during the Covid-19 pandemic, hand sanitizers have become rare in the market. Therefore, one way to overcome this problem is to make a hand sanitizer made from natural ingredients from betel and lime leaves. The formulation of the problems that arise due to COVID-19 in the Nagari Persiapan Aia Manggih Utara, namely how to educate the public in making hand sanitizers made from natural ingredients, Techniques used in community empowerment related to the manufacture of hand sanitizers with natural ingredients are community participation, discussion and outreach. Based on the results of surveys and interviews conducted at the end of community service activities, 87% of the community understands how to make hand sanitizers made from natural ingredients, 95% of the community understands about COVID-19 and its symptoms of infection, 91% of the community understands efforts to prevent transmission of COVID-19, 88 % of people have understood the new normal policy (new normal habits), and 97% of people have experienced a decrease in income.

Abstract

Tidak sedikit korban kekerasan seksual mendapatkan perilaku Victim Blaming atau penyalahan korban dari media sosial yang sangat berdampak buruk karena sekaligus mendapatkan dua kejahatan yaitu kejahatan karena kekerasan seksual yang dialami dan kejahatan atas pandangan buruk netizen terhadap dirinya. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlindungan hukum korban dan menemukan peranan realisme hukum dalam mengatasi perilaku Victim Blaming di media sosial. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis yuridis normatif yang bertumpu pada filsafat hukum. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beragam akibat yang disebabkan victim blaming dan realisme hukum berperan untuk mengontrol kepribadian manusia dalam memandang sesuatu berdasarkan gerakan sosial untuk tidak menyalahkan korban atas kejahatan yang terjadi terhadap dirinya.

The concept of human life is inseparable from the law to create an atmosphere that allows humans to be protected and live side by side in peace. As provided in Article 1 (3) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia states "that the State of Indonesia is a country founded on law." The consequence of the existence of these provisions is that the State of Indonesia must uphold the law and its actions must be based on laws or regulations created in regulating an order within the government including its citizens. Indonesia is based philosophically on the prevailing positive law paradigm. So this is a research study to analyze, what is the philosophical analysis of the positive legal paradigm in Indonesia from the point of view of Article 1 (3) of the 1945 Constitution.