Resumo:As novas tecnologias modificam a forma e a substância do controle, da participação e da coesão social. Porém, ao fazê-lo, são também modificadas pela experiência social, de sorte que o técnico e o social constituem um movimento de "co-modificação", somente percebido por uma aproximação concomitantemente social e técnica, por um olhar sociotécnico. O artigo pretende apresentar algumas das principais características deste olhar, bem como discutir os desafios que coloca para a engenharia de software.Abstract: New technologies modify the form and the substance of social control, participation and cohesion. However, as they modify, they are also modified by social practices in such a way it is possible to argue that social and technical dimensions constitute a process of mutual construction, only apprehended through an approach simultaneously social and technical, trough a sociotechnical frame. This article presents some of this frame's main features, as well as its challenges to software engineering.
Palavras-chave:Engenharia de Software, Olhar Sociotécnico, Interdisciplinaridade, WOSES 1 PESC/COPPE/UFRJ {hcukier, cant}@cos.ufrj.br 2 FACIN/PUCRS {rafaelp@pucrs.br}
Although the Earth’s surface average temperature is rising since 1850 due mostly to anthropogenic greenhouse gases emissions, the existence and the attribution of global warming are sometimes disputed outside the peer-reviewed literature. This article investigates whether climate skeptics’ claims are admitted in Wikipedia, the encyclopedia that anyone can edit. We carried a case study involving 93 global warming–related articles in Portuguese Wikipedia, analyzing their revision history from the perspective of Actor–Network Theory in two moments (2014 and 2017). We found that while “Aquecimento global” and other highly accessed articles support thoroughly anthropogenic climate change, it was not the case until 2012, long after the question had been settled by scientists; claims disputing the human influence on the climate remain in some articles. The enforcement of Wikipedia policies was crucial to ensure that anthropogenic climate change would prevail and that the collaborative encyclopedia would become a spokesperson for climate science.
We examine two histories in this paper. First, we briefly look at a North American history, in which we look at the relationship of free software with the founding principles of democracy. Second, we examine recent Brazilian history, especially the most policy decision to adopt free software, affirming technological autonomy. Democratic ideals, defended by the free software movement, are transformed in Brazilian politics, leading both to further free software development and a stronger democracy.
Este artigo apresenta estudo de caso do acidente ocorrido com o vôo RG-254 da Varig, em setembro de 1989. Partindo de informações de investigações oficiais, publicações, material audiovisual, entrevistas com envolvidos no acidente e especialistas em segurança de vôo, os autores re-analisam o acidente com enfoque sociotécnico referenciado na teoria ator-rede e no conceito de acidente "normal". O texto apresenta novo entendimento para a investigação de acidentes na aviação criticando a tradicional repartição de causas entre os chamados fatores "humanos", "técnicos" e "operacionais" e sugere aplicação do conceito de multicausalidade que não se restringe à mera listagem de "fatores contribuintes", mas que analisa as relações entre atores-redes envolvidos no sistema de aviação em que ocorreu o acidente. O acidente do RG-254 é descrito como sintoma do rompimento de relações entre os atores que atuam no sistema.
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