The objective of this study was to evaluate productive performance and egg quality of Japanese quails (Cortunix japonica) fed with synthetic and natural pigments. The treatments used were: 0.8% paprika extract (Capsicum annuum), 0.8% marigold flower extract, 4% paprika extract and 4% marigold flower extract and 0.045% synthetic pigment (Canthaxanthin) in feed. A total of 240 Japanese quails at 20 weeks of age were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with five treatments and six replicates, with eight quails per experimental unit (30 experimental units). There was no difference (p > 0.05) for the evaluated parameters, except for yolk color which showed significant difference (p < 0.05) between the treatments used. The inclusion of 0.8% natural pigments in diet of Japanese quails can be used to substitute canthaxathin because it is effective on improving yolk color without affect performance and the quails egg quality.
The objective was to evaluate sowing density influence on hydroponic corn fodder bromatological composition, harvested in different ages raised on grass mix substrate. The experimental design used was completely randomized with six replications for each treatment, using 2.0 m² plots (1.0 x 2.0 m). The densities were distributed into factorial array (4x4), consisting in four sowing densities (1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 kg m-²) and four cutting ages (10, 15, 20 and 25 days). The dry matter content (DMC) and production (DMP) and crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), Fiber neutral detergent (FND) and ethereal extract (EE) were analyzed each cutting age. In terms of DMP (kg m-²), EE (%) and DMC (kg m-²), it is recommended to use the density 1.0 kg m-² with cutting age of 25 days. Regarding CP (%) the best result was at 15 days of cut and density 2.5 kg m-² and the values for FND (%) and ADF (%) were higher at 25 days at 2.0 kg density 2,0 kg m-². The choice of both best harvesting age and density will depend on what is desired of the nutritional forage (CP, EE, NDF, ADF, DMC and DMP) as well its destination, since very close values were found in all analyzes, regardless of density and age of harvest analyzed.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi de avaliar o perfil das enzimas digestivas no intestino anterior de beta (Bettas splendens) e o quinguio (Carassius auratus) alimentados e privados de alimentação. Os peixes foram alojados em um mesmo local climatizado a 27 oC, submetidos a fotoperíodo de 12 horas, alimentados duas vezes ao dia por 21 dias. Foram utilizados 40 peixes betas machos com peso de 1,94±0,10 g e, alojados individualmente em aquários de três litros sendo um grupo foi submetido ao jejum, e outro recebeu alimentação até a saciedade (ração comercial extrusada - 35% PB). Foram utilizados 40 peixes quinguios com peso de 11,43±3,28 g. sendo mantidos em aeração constante, também subdividido em dois grupos alojados em oito aquários de 20 L em sistema estático, sendo um grupo submetido ao jejum e outro recebeu alimentação até a saciedade, (ração comercial extrusada - 32% PB). Os peixes betas ocorreram um aumento na atividade de lipase, amilase e protease para o tratamento com que recebeu alimentação e uma redução da lipase em tratamento jejum. O experimento com quinguios atividade da lipase e amilase são responsivas a presença de alimento no trato digestório e a protease é uma enzima constitutiva nesta espécie. Para os peixes betas as enzimas digestivas possuem um caráter indutivo e nos peixes quinguios a amilase e lipase digestiva apresentam um caráter indutivo enquanto a protease se apresenta constitutiva.
A Tristeza Parasitária Bovina (TPB) é um complexo de doenças causadas por infecções parasitárias não contagiosas, sendo no Brasil, os principais agentes etiológicos dessa enfermidade Anaplasma marginale, a Babesia bovis e B. bigemia, comum em regiões tropicais e subtropicais, gerando perdas econômicas no desenvolvimento da pecuária no país, no Brasil ocorre em caráter endêmico. A transmissão biologicamente é realizada pelo carrapato Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus e mecanicamente, na anaplasmose, por insetos hematófagos (Stomoxys calcitrans, tabanídeos e Haematobia irritans), fômites contaminados e de forma transplacentária. As perdas econômicas se relacionam à redução na produção, seja de leite ou carne, infertilidade temporária de machos e fêmeas, custo de tratamento, gastos com medidas preventivas, cuidados na introdução de animais de áreas livres em áreas endêmicas, qualidade do couro e principalmente, devido a morbidade e mortalidade. Os agentes de ambas as doenças são parasitas intra-eritrocitário obrigatórios, apresentando sinais clínicos semelhantes, sendo possível mais de um agente acometer o mesmo animal simultaneamente, tornando difícil o diagnóstico de diferenciação em campo. A prevenção é necessária, deste modo o fortalecimento do sistema imunológico pelas inoculações dos agentes infecciosos promove uma defesa natural à doença. A morbidade e mortalidade pela TPB em países de clima tropical e subtropical é alta, por isso o interesse em estudá-la.
In the present study, we evaluated the effects of administering Enterococcus faecium in food and/or water on the hematological and immunological parameters, intestinal microbiota, resistance to bacterial diseases (streptococcosis and francisellosis) and growth of Nile tilapia. Before the in vivo experiment, probiotic bacteria isolated from Nile tilapia were selected via inhibition tests. Sequencing, annotation, and assembly of the complete genome of the selected bacteria as well as other tests were performed using bioinformatics tools. Three treatments were implemented: G1 (probiotic feeding), G2 (probiotic in water), and G3 (probiotic in food and water); and a negative control (NC) was also employed. Treatment lasted 38 days, and each group consisted of fish and two repetitions. The fish were divided and infected with Streptococcus agalactiae S13 (serotype Ib) and Francisella orientalis. The G1 group had a higher average final weight gain than the G2, G3, and NC groups. Further, a significant increase in the number of thrombocytes was observed in the groups administered probiotics in the diet (G1 and G3). A statistical difference was observed in the mortality of fish infected with S. agalactiae in the NC compared to the treated groups. Cetobacterium was the 43 most abundant genus in the intestinal microbiota of all groups, including the NC group. E. faecium increased the immunity of fish administered the treatment and decreased the mortality caused by S. agalactiae. As an autochtone probiotic, E. faecium does not interfere with the local ecosystem and thus has a great probiotic potential for Nile tilapia in Brazil.
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