SummaryDothistroma needle blight (DNB), caused by the two fungi Dothistroma septosporum and D. pini, is a major disease of pines with a worldwide distribution. Increases in the incidence and severity of disease in areas where the disease has long been established and notable range expansions have both recently been observed. The aim of this review was to assess the relationship between DNB, weather factors and climate to better understand possible underlying causes of this recent intensification in disease. A substantial body of literature shows that the life cycles of the fungi are closely related to weather factors such as precipitation and temperature. Given the rapid response of DNB to favourable weather conditions, it seems plausible that changes in disease behaviour could be due to changes in climate. The recurrent El Niño-Southern oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon influences patterns of temperature and precipitation in many regions of the world, often resulting in warmer and wetter conditions than normal. We found that since the 1950s, four of the past five strong El Niño events appear to have coincided with reports of increased DNB activity on an intercontinental scale. The lack of long-term standardized data records limits our ability to fully interpret this relationship, but the projected future climatic conditions in the Northern Hemisphere appear to be increasingly favourable for the disease. Still, other areas of the world may become less favourable, and further research is required to be able to accurately predict DNB outbreaks and their impact on pine forests in the future.

Considerable information is available about natural ecosystems, with regard to mutualistic fungus plant symbiosis called mycorrhizae. This symbiosis has an active participation in nutrient uptake and transport and influences the structure and stability of plant communities. With the objective of proposing utilization of the natural forests, considering the accelerated process of explotation, due to agroforestry activities, the presence and distribution of mycorrhizal symbiosis in four forest-communities in the Central Valley of southern Chile was studied. This research is basic for future applications in the restoration of these ecosystems and useful for inoculation programs with selected mycorrhizal strains. The analysis of registered vascular flora in the forest of Nothofagus obliqua, Nothofagus antarctica, Peumus boldus and Myrceugenia exsucca indicated that 91 species, from a total 114 species studied, were found to have mycorrhizal associations. The vesicular arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal type was found dominating in the 4 forests communities (with 72.8%). The fallowing association were found in the forest under study: ectomycorrhizal in three species of Nothofagus, ericoid in three species of Ericaceae, monotropoid in Arachnites uniflora and Orchioid in Codonorchis lessonii. The structure and function of the different types of mycorrhizal symbiosis is discussed in relation to environmental factors such as: soil, climate, and nutrient availability wich are characteristic of the area studied.

The correct binomial for the type species of Naemacyclus is N. fimbriatus comb. nov. Lasiostictis fimbriata is a synonym. The common pine needlecast fungi hitherto called N. niveus and N. minor are not congeneric with this species and are therefore redisposed in Gyclaneusma gen. nov. (Rhytismataceae) as C. niveum and C. minus combs, nov. Gyclaneusma minus is illustrated and the taxonomic position of the new genus is discussed.U. S.

The flight curves of Hylurgus ligniperda, Hylastes ater, Xileborinus saxeseni, Orthotomicus erosus (introduced species) and Gnathotrupes spp. (native species) in Pinus radiata stands are presented in this study. We used funnel traps in four stands, two located in the Valdivia province and two in the Malleco province. The captures were carried out bimonthly over five months, and the greatest abundance was found in spring-summer populations, when the majority of the forest companies concentrate their harvests. For this reason, the probability is very high that these bark beetles colonize the wood, with subsequent damage to the primary products.

31 Agaricales s. 1. collected in Campus Isla Teja of the Universidad Austral de Chile are recorded, drawing of their most important characters are showed and same ecological aspects are mentioned.