Abstract:Worldwide, damage to mangroves is alarming. Restoration is required to recover mangrove ecosystems, and communities' involvement is a primary factor to reduce the threat to mangroves. Their participation might be interpreted as the appropriate decision concerning conservation and utilization of mangroves. Using a contingent valuation approach, this study assesses mangroves' values to local communities through their willingness to contribute labor to obtain monetary value. Results showed that the opportunity cost of time was valued at IDR 398.76 thousand (US$29.99) a month or IDR 4.79 million (US$359.90) per year. A total annual benefit of mangrove restoration using the wage rate of time (WRT) is IDR 143 billion (US$10.77 million) per year. Accessing such information is crucial to making the appropriate decisions about conservation of mangroves within the context of developing countries that have poor coastal communities and low incomes. Tobit regression determined that five variables affect willingness to provide labor time and WRT significantly for mangrove restoration. These findings can support decision-makers with the relevant information for assessing a mangrove restoration project.

No abstract

Mangroves provide multiple benefits for local communities' livelihoods. However, in the Mahakam delta mangroves have declined considerably. This study examines the factors affecting households' willingness to pay (WTP) for mangrove restoration in three villages in the Mahakam delta and determines whether a mangrove restoration project would be viable and should be implemented in the study area or not. The contingent valuation method was applied through a double-bound dichotomous choice format to estimate the WTP for mangrove restoration. The results showed that over 80% of perception of respondents considered the benefits of mangroves were essential that associated with their livelihoods. Local residents tended to be willing to pay more for mangrove restoration when they acknowledged the benefits of mangroves and when they felt that the sustainability of mangrove ecosystems was their responsibility. The benefits transfer method was also used to estimate the costs and benefits of an ongoing mangrove restoration project in the study area. The benefits provided by mangroves, as estimated based on households' WTP, clearly outweighed the costs for the mangrove restoration project. We conclude that mangrove restoration should be implemented in the study area by increasing local communities' awareness and responsibility to protect and manage the mangrove a sustainable.

Kawasan perairan Labuan Cermin adalah salah satu tujuan wisata unik di  Kabupaten Berau, Kalimantan Timur, yang terletak di daerah pesisir dan memiliki pemandangan yang indah.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : 1) mengidentifikasi kesesuaian lahan dan menentukan daya dukung kawasan Labuan Cermin untuk mengembangkan model ekowisata berkelanjutan; 2) menganalisis nilai manfaat ekonomi dari kegiatan ekowisata dan 3) menetapkan prioritas strategi dalam mengelola ekowisata berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dari bulan Januari sampai Mei, 2016. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode survei dan 60 wisatawan diwawancarai dengan menggunakan metode accidental sampling. Metode analisis data terdiri dari matriks kesesuaian lahan, analisis daya dukung, analisis nilai ekonomi pariwisata dengan menggunakan metode biaya perjalanan dan penetapan prioritas strategi pengelolaan ekowisata berkelanjutan menggunakan SWOT dan QSPM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Labuan Cermin sesuai/cocok untuk kegiatan ekowisata di mana indeks kesesuaiannya adalah 78%. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa jumlah ideal turis yang diperbolehkan beraktivitas sebanyak 46 orang / hari. Rata-rata jumlah wisatawan yang berkunjung adalah sebanyak 12.000 orang turis / tahun, jumlah ini tidak melebihi dari daya dukung diizinkan yaitu sebanyak  16.576.000 orang turis / tahun. Selanjutnya, nilai manfaat ekonomi ekowisata dari kawasan Labuan Cermin berdasarkan metode biaya perjalanan adalah sebesar Rp 1.656.780.274,11 / tahun. Prioritas strategi pertama dalam mengembangkan ekowisata berkelanjutan di perairan Labuan Cermin adalah merevitalisasi peran lembaga lokal (Lekmalamin) dengan meningkatkan kapasitas teknis, manajerial dan sosial ekonominya.Title: Policy Analysis Of Sustainable Ecotourism DevelopmentIn Labuan Cermin Waters - Berau Regency, East KalimantanLabuan Cermin waters is one of unique tourist destinations in Berau, East Kalimantan, that is located in coastal area and has a beautiful landscape. The research objectives were: 1) identifying the land suitability and determining the carrying capacity of Labuan Cermin for sustainable ecotourism modelling; 2) analysing the ecotourism value and 3) establishing priority strategies for managing sustainable ecotourism. This research was conducted from January to May – 2015. Data collection applied survey method and 60 tourists were interviewed using accidental sampling method. Data analysis methods consisted of land suitability matrix, carrying capacity analysis, tourism economic value analysis using travel cost method and priority strategies of sustainable ecotourism management using SWOT and QSPM methods. The results showed that Labuan Cermin was suitable for ecotourism in which the index of suitability was 78%. This study also determined the number of allowed tourist were 46/day. The average number of tourists were 12.000 tourists/year, while not exceeding from allowed carrying capacity were 16.576.000 tourists/year. Furthermore, the ecotourism economic benefit value of Labuan Cermin based on travel cost method were IDR 1.656.780.274,11/year. The first priority strategy in developing sustainable ecotourism in Labuan Cermin waters was to revitalize the role of local institution (Lekmalamin) by improving its technical and socioecomic  capacity.