Kesenian dalam filsafat hukum Islam (uṣûl fiqh) menduduki tingkat tersier(tahsîniyah). Secara khusus kesenian juga menjadi bagian objek keindahan dalam filsafat estetika. Keberadaan kesenian meskipun hanya tingkat penyempurna dikalangan fuqaha (ahli fiqh) tetapi bagi kaum sufi (ahli tasawuf) sangat berkaitan dengan nilai Ilahiah. Kesenian juga memiliki peran besar terhadap kemajuan budaya dan peradaban umat Islam. Al-Qur’an sebagai kalam Ilahi juga memiliki dimensi keindahan dan sumber inpirasi kesenian yang sangat representatif. Banyak ayat-ayat al-Qur’an yang mengungkapkan hal-hal keindahan. Meskipun demikian, ulama muslim berbeda pendapat tentang kesenian secara umum. Ulama yang paling terbuka (inklusif) terhadap kesenian mayoritas dari kalangan para filsuf dan sufi. Golongan ulama ini lebih memandang seni dari estetika yang terkandung dalam subtansi. Estetika merupakan bagian penting dari filsafat dan tasawuf. Sedangkan golongan ulama yang eksklusif dan sangat membatasi seni adalah kalangan ahlifiqh/hukum Islam (fuqaha). Ketegangan kedua golongan ulama ini disebabkan adanya prioritas antara legal formal dan subtansi. Fuqaha lebih mengutamakan legal formal berdasarkan nash atau teks al-Qur’an dan as-Sunnah, sedangkan Ulama sufi lebih memilih subtansi ajaran Islam secara umum.
Perawatan terhadap jenazah tidaklah mudah. Untuk melakukannya dibutuhkan keahlian khusus. Mujahizah adalah istilah bagi perawat jenazah perempuan. “Pendidikan Perawatan Jenazah Bagi Perempuan di Kecamatan Tembarak Kabupaten Temanggung” diharapkan mampu meningkatkan kualitas mujahizah (perawat jenazah perempuan) di wilayah Kecamatan Tembarak Kabupaten Temanggung, khususnya dalam hal memandikan dan mengafani jenazah perempuan. Langkah-langkah yang dilakukan dalam Pendidikan Perawatan Jenazah bagi perempuan ini dilakukan melalui FGD, pelatihan perawatan jenazah, praktik memandikan dan mengafani jenazah, serta pendampingan. Karakter yang harus dimiliki oleh mujahizah diantaranya mereka harus sehat jasmani dan rohani, kuat dan tangguh, cakap dan sigap, terampil, berani, cerdas, bijaksana, dan amanah. Setelah dilakukan pelatihan perawatan jenazah kepada mujahizah di wilayah Kecamatan Tembarak Kabupaten Temanggung, para mujahizah memperoleh pendidikan lebih tentang bagaimana merawat jenazah sessuai syariat Islam. Selain itu, mereka juga lebih percaya diri ketika terjun di masyarakat untuk membantu dalam merawat jenazah perempuan. Kata Kunci: Pendidikan, Perawatan Jenazah, Perempuan, Kecamatan Tembarak.
The Islamic economic system is believed to be the way of salvation. This will replace the capitalist and socialist economic systems which are considered to be unable to provide a sense of justice and prosperity. To meet and answer the challenge, Islamic jurists (fuqaha) in various layers carried out a methodological study of Islamic law, critical of the manhaj (method) that classical scholars have formulated. The jurists acknowledged, that, legal texts were limited, while new legal cases were constantly developing "An-nushus mutanahiyah wa al-waqa‟u ghairu mutanahiyah". On this matter, it is necessary to develop a method (manhaj al-ijtihad) seriously by legal experts, practitioners or shari'ah economists in solving problems related to mu'amalah. For this reason, ushul fiqh is a procedure of ijtihad as well as a barometer of the jurisprudence of a law. At its climax, ushul fiqh from the beginning to being a formulation of Islamic law continues to get attention related to the principles of general argument. Then created the formulation of al-qawaid al-ushuliyyah and al-qawaid alfiqiyyah. The rule of fiqh is a science that helps mechanically in furu problems. The rules of fiqh are also formulated as a simplifier in the problem of furu ' or fiqiyyah. In literacy of Islamic law, between usul rules and fiqh rules sometimes occur intermingling. Sometimes the rules of usul are not separated in the same discussion with the rules of fiqh, but each has its own limits and reach. Ushul rules in its application as “Takhrij al-Ahkam” (issuing law from its source), while the fiqh rule is “Tathbiq alAhkam” which applies to cases that arise in human life. The jurisprudence of the rules of fiqh occurred in the Syafi'ah school of khilafiyyah. Nevertheless, it can be classified with the following provisions: first, if the fiqh rule is general (kulli), it can be used as a source of law as nash, ijma and qiyas. Its existence is very significant and can make the argument or proof of matter. Second, if the rule is a majority (aghlabiyah) then it is disputed. On this basis, this study is very important to be further explored. Keyword: Kaidah fikih, muamalah, kehujjahan Abstrak Sistem ekonomi Islam diyakini sebagai jalan keselamatan. Ini akan menggantikan sistem ekonomi kapitalis dan sosialis yang tidak mampu memberikan rasa keadilan dan kemakmuran. Untuk memenuhi dan menjawab tantangan tersebut, para ahli hukum Islam (fuqaha) di berbagai lapisan dilakukan studi metodologis hukum Islam, kritis terhadap manhaj (metode) yang telah dirumuskan para ulama klasik. Para ahli hukum mengakui, bahwa, teks-teks hukum terbatas, sementara kasus-kasus hukum baru terus berkembang "An-Nushus Mutanahiyah wa al-waqa'u ghairu mutanahiyah". Dalam Jurnal Iqtisad: Reconstruction of Justice and Welfare for Indonesia – Vol. 6, No 1 (2019) p-ISSN: 2303-3223; e-ISSN: 2621-640X Kaidah Fiqh Bidang Mu’amalah.... 33 Sumarjoko, Hidayatun Ulfa hal ini, ini adalah metode (manhaj al-ijtihad) yang serius oleh para ahli hukum, praktisi atau ekonom syariah dalam menyelesaikan masalah yang berkaitan dengan mu'amalah. Untuk alasan ini, usul fiqh adalah prosedur ijtihad serta barometer yurisprudensi hukum. Pada klimaksnya, ushul fiqh terkait dengan prinsip-prinsip argumen umum. Kemudian dibuat rumusan al-qawaid al-ushuliyyah dan al-qawaid alfiqiyyah. Aturan fiqh adalah ilmu yang membantu secara mekanis dalam masalah furu. Aturan fiqh juga dirumuskan sebagai penyederhanaan dalam masalah furu' atau fiqhiyyah. Dalam literasi hukum Islam, antara aturan proposal dan aturan fiqh terkadang terjadi pembauran. Terkadang aturan proposal tidak dipisahkan dalam diskusi yang sama dengan aturan fiqh, tetapi masing-masing memiliki batas dan jangkauannya sendiri. Aturan Ushul dalam penerapannya sebagai "Takhrij al-Ahkam" (mengeluarkan hukum dari sumbernya), sedangkan aturan fikih adalah "Tathbiq al-Ahkam" yang berlaku untuk kasus-kasus yang muncul dalam kehidupan manusia. Yurisprudensi aturan fiqh di sekolah Syafi'ah khilafiyyah. Namun demikian, ini dapat digunakan sebagai sumber hukum seperti nash, ijma dan qiyas, pertama, jika aturan fiqh bersifat umum (kulli). Keberadaannya sangat signifikan dan bisa dijadikan argumen atau pembuktian materi. Kedua, jika aturannya adalah mayoritas (aghlabiyah) maka itu diperdebatkan. Atas dasar ini, penelitian ini sangat penting untuk dieksplorasi lebih lanjut. Kata kunci: Aturan fikih, muamalah, kehujjahan
This research discussed the short story Al-Barman in the anthology of Khammaratul Qittil Aswad by Najib Mahfuz: A Structural Analysis of Farhud's Models. This research aimed to find the intrinsic aspects in the short story of Al-Barman by Najib Mahfuz and the relationships between the intrinsic aspects. This research applied Farhud's structural analysis model. The intrinsic aspects included Alhikayah (story), asy-syakhsiyyah (characterization), al-habkah (plot), Az-zaman wal-maka>n (the setting of time and place), al-fikrah (ideas).Having analyzed that short story, the researchers concluded that this short story was about the life problems of a civil servant in Egypt, which are filled with mental stress due to the sense of dissatisfaction with his life.
The throwing of chickens at Kali Progo bridge by the bride and groom's families is one of the traditional Javanese wedding ceremony traditions that we still see in Jombor Village. When the bridal procession's second journey passes through a large river, this tradition is carried out. The purpose of this research is to learn about Urf tradition of dumping chickens at Kali Progo bridge by the bride's family, as well as the origins of this tradition. This qualitative study examines and directly observes the lives of people who still practice historical, anthropological, and Islamic legal approaches. Data collection techniques were used to collect primary data from interviews with traditional leaders, religious leaders, and residents of Jombor Village who still practice this tradition. Books, documents, journals, and other secondary data sources were used, and they were then analyzed using descriptive methods. The findings of the study show that Islam forbids the belief that throwing away chickens will provide safety, because Allah SWT is the only one who can provide salvation. The urf aspect, which is based on syara' and the framework of ushul fiqh, also states that it is not permissible to do so, because this tradition includes urf fasid, which are actions that are not in accordance with the Quran and hadith or make the group's journey to difficult location. Furthermore, this tradition wastes previously discarded chickens.
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