ÖzAraştırmanın amacı, sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının dijital vatandaşlık düzeyleri ile siber zorbalık eğilimlerinin belirlenmesi; adayların dijital vatandaşlık düzeyleri ile siber zorbalık eğilimleri arasındaki ilişkinin ortaya konulmasıdır. Veri toplama aracı olarak; sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının dijital vatandaşlık düzeylerini belirlemek için İşman ve Güngören (2014) tarafından geliştirilen "Dijital Vatandaşlık Ölçeği" ve siber zorbalık eğilimlerini belirlemek için Türkoğlu (2013) tarafından geliştirilen "Siber Zorbalık Tutum Ölçeği" uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının dijital vatandaşlık düzeyleri ile siber zorbalık eğilimleri arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek üzere yapılan korelasyon analizinde, düşük düzeyde, pozitif yönlü ve anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu bulunmuştur (r= 0.333, p<.01).Anahtar Kelimeler: Dijital vatandaşlık; siber zorbalık; sanal zorbalık; öğretmen adayları. THE INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIGITAL CITIZENSHIP LEVELS AND CYBER BULLYING TENDENCIES OF PROSPECTIVE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS AbstractThe main aim of this research is to identify digital citizenship levels and cyber bullying tendencies of prospective primary school teacher; and examining the correlation between their digital citizenship levels and cyber bullying tendencies. In order to identify prospective primary school teachers' digital citizenship levels Digital Citizenship Scale developed by İşman and Güngören (2014) and to identify their cyber bullying tendencies Cyber Bullying Attitude Scale developed by Türkoğlu (2013) were used as data collection instruments. At the end of the study correlation analysis was conducted to identify the correlation between digital citizenship levels and tendencies to cyber bullying of prospective primary school teachers and it was found that there was a statistically significant low level positive correlation between digital citizenship levels and tendencies to cyber bullying (r= 0.333, p<.01). Keywords: Digital citizenship, cyber bullying, virtual bullying, preservice teachers. SummaryPrevalence of digital technologies day by day push forward individuals to be digital citizens. According to Vizenor (2013) digital citizenship is an individual's technology use for politic, social and communal activities; according to Farmer (2010) it means individuals who can classify electronic information and participate in digital environments effectively and can use the information he received both for social and personal development; according to Ribble and Bailey (2007) it is while using technology considering basic norms (situations that are accepted as rules that are established and congruent with laws) and act in accordance with them. When common points in definitions were examined digital citizen can be stated as individuals who use internet properly, regularly and effectively, participate in online environments effectively, and knows using information technologies ethically, legally and safely.
To present the demographic and clinical characteristics and the treatment method of cases of caesarean scar pregnancy (CSP). Patients and Methods: A retrospective examination was made of cases diagnosed with CSP at the tertiary reference hospital of Sütçu Imam University between January 2015 and December 2017. Data were retrieved related to the demographic characteristics of the patients, ultrasonography (USG) findings and treatment procedures. Results: A total of 23 CSP cases were identified in the specified study period. The mean age of the patients was 31.2 ± 6.9 years, mean gravida was 4.4 ± 1.7, mean gestational age was 7.0 ± 1.1 weeks and the number of previous caesarean section (CS) deliveries was 2.0 ± 0.9. Intramuscular methotrexate (MTX) at a dose of 1mg/kg was applied to all the patients, then after 1 week, a dilatation and curettage (D&C) procedure. Before the MTX treatment, the initial serum beta-hCG value was determined as 15813.1 ± 12740.5 IU/mL. The hemoglobin (Hb) level was determined as 12.3 ± 1.4 before MTX treatment and 11.4 ± 0.6g/dL after the D&C procedure. Hysterectomy was not applied to any patient. CSP was determined at the rate of 8.0% of all ectopic pregnancies. Conclusion: CSP, which has shown an increase in recent years in parallel with CS rates, may cause bleeding and serious complications even as far as maternal mortality. CSP cases in our clinic were successfully treated with a combination of systemic MTX followed by D&C.
Amaç: Plasenta previanın (PP) farklı tipleri ile previa-akretada maternal ve neoanatal sonuçların karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu retrospektif vaka-kontrol çalışmasına 3. basamak bir referans hastanesinde Ocak 2014-Aralık 2015 tarihleri arasında antenatal ultrasonografi incelemesi ile PP tanısı almış 213 tekil gebe dahil edildi. Hastalar 5 grupta kategorize edildi: 1-aşağı yerleşimli, 2-marginal, 3-parsiyel, 4-komplet PP ve 5-PP ve plasenta akretanın (previa-akreta) bir arada olduğu olgular. Bulgular: Previa-akreta grubunda ortalama gravida, parite ve sezaryenle doğum (SD) sayısı anlamlı olarak yüksek saptandı. Diğer gruplarla karşılaştırıldığında previa-akreta grubunda daha düşük postoperative hemoglobin seviyesi ve daha uzun hastande yatış süresi saptandı. Ortalama kan kaybı, yoğun bakım ünitesine (YBİ) yatış ve histerektomi oranı komplet previa ve previa-akreta grubunda anlamlı olarak yüksekti. Preterm doğum oranı previa-akreta grubunda diğer gruplardan anlamlı olarak daha yüksek saptandı. Doğumdaki ortalama gebelik haftası ve doğum ağırlığı açısından gruplar benzerdi. Komplet olan ve komplet olmayan (aşağı-yerleşimli, marginal ve parsiyel) PP olgularının karşılaştırılmasında, komplet previa grubunda kan ürünü transfüzyonu ihtiyacı, plasenta akreta, peripartum histerektomi, postpartum kanama ve YBÜ'de takip riski artmıştı. Tartışma: Plasenta previa ve akretanın birlikteliği maternal-neonatal morbiditeyi arttırmaktadır. Komplet PP olgularıyla karşılaştırıldığında, aşağı yerleşimli, marjinal ve parsiyel PP maternal-neonatal morbiditeyi artırmamaktadır.
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