Typhoid fever results in significant hepatic problems and biochemical abnormalities. The most effective diagnostic procedure now is the bacterial culture, but serologic tests are still often used, and a speedy and accurate diagnostic test for typhoid fever is still required. Objectives: To examine the haematological parameters between typhoid patients and healthy individuals to find any distinctive parameters that could be used as typhoid fever diagnostic indicators. Methods: This study set out to compare haematological changes in 550 patients with 550 healthy persons. Results: We found low hemoglobin (8.95±1.43), low hematocrit (32.62±5.38), high ESR (53.89±9.21), high platelet count (482003±86792), high WBCs count (14464±1694), high neutrophil percentage (63.60±9.26), low lymphocyte percentage (25.33±2.93), and high NLCR (2.498±0.45) against the healthy control group. Conclusions: This distinctive pattern can be easily obtained using a minimally invasive method and used to diagnose typhoid fever.

Blood transfusions are necessary due to the increased incidence of blood diseases and an increase in automobile accidents. In healthcare systems with limited resources, the provision of safe blood products is hampered by transfusion-transmitted diseases (TTIs), such as the hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), syphilis, and malaria. Objective: To determine how common TTIs are among blood donors in Faisalabad. Methods: Immuno-chromatographic technique (ICT) kits and thick film (malaria) screening were used to test donors for HBV, HCV, HIV, syphilis, and malaria. Results: Among 1500 donors, prevalence of HCV was highest (n=106), followed by HBV (n=42), syphilis (n=11), and malaria (n=3). One positive case was reported as HIV.  Between the ages of 21 and 40, donors who tested positive were more prevalent. Conclusions: By more carefully evaluating and screening each donor before selecting them for blood donation, safe blood transfusions can both increase recipient safety and reduce the spread of TTIs.