In the last decade, nanosuspensions have gained considerable interest as a method for formulating poorly soluble drugs. Because of their cost-effectiveness and technological simplicity compared to liposomes and other colloidal drug carriers, nanoscale systems have recently received a lot of attention as a way of solving problems of solubility. Nanosuspensions are biphasic systems comprising of pure drug particles dispersed in an aqueous vehicle, stabilized by surface active agents. Fabrication of nanosuspension is simple and more advantageous than other approaches. Nanosuspension is a very finely single solid drug particle in an aqueous vessel, stabilized by surfactants for either oral or topical use or for parenteral and pulmonary administration, it can also be used for targeted drug delivery when incorporated in the ocular inserts and mucoadhesive hydrogels, with reduced particle size resulting in increased dissolution rate. This article covers the preparation of nanosuspension by bottom up technology, top down technology, melt emulsification, emulsification- solvent evaporation and supercritical fluid with their advantages and disadvantages, aspects of structure, classification and their drug delivery applications. Nanosuspension can be processed for the drugs which are of hydrophobic in nature quite easily employing stability enhancers, solvents that are of organic and additional ingredients including buffering agents, salts, PEG, osmotic agents and anti-freeze compounds.

The objective of this review is to explore the past work done on Cubosomes as drug delivery systems by factorial design. Cubosomes are Nanoparticulate systems made of amphiphilic lipids at a certain percentage, known as liquid crystals. They have tightly packed honeycomb structures twisted into 3D bilayers. Cubosomes can capture all categories of the lipophilic, hydrophilic, and amphiphilic substances irrespective of their affinity, by that they fit for delivering all range of drugs with ease. Many works in recent days are concentrating on Cubosomes for drug delivery, as it suits all ranges of drugs without much difficulty. Cubosomes acts as a carrier in drug delivery for a wide range of drugs and protects them from degradation issues like hydrolysis, oxidation, and others. Moreover, numerous studies have established the benefits of Cubosomes in nanotechnology, prolonged-release, and also enhanced bioavailability. This article reviews about the past work done on Cubosomes using factorial design. Additionally, many studies need to be performed for the optimization of Cubosomes for artificial cells, and biosensors, etc. Moreover, the rational design of Cubosomes for biomedical applications need to be developed. A widespread literature assessment revealed that many reviews and research attempts were made on Cubosomes, but no review article is still available in bringing the attempts made on Cubosomes by factorial design on a single platform. The factorial approach is used to optimize the formulation, which is acceptable and used in the current scenario in optimizing the formulations. So, the authors made widespread work by referring to peer-review journals, periodicals, magazines, and succeeded in bringing work done on Cubosomes in the last ten years by using factorial design. The study concludes and gives a quick reference to the young researchers to get literature on earlier successive attempts done on Cubosomes by factorial design.

The main purpose of the present study was to develop ocuserts of Fluconazole β-CD (beta-cyclodextrin) complex and to evaluate both in vitro and in vivo. Fluconazole was made complex with β-CD, and the release rate was controlled by HPMC K4M and ethyl cellulose polymers using dibutyl Phthalate as permeability enhancer. Drug-polymer interactions were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic studies. The formulated ocuserts were tested for physicochemical parameters of in vitro release and in vivo permeation in rabbits. The optimized formulations (F-5 and F-8) were subjected to stability studies. The formulated ocuserts were found to have good physical characters, thickness, diameter, uniformity in weight, folding endurance, less moisture absorption, and controlled release of drug both in vitro and in vivo. The optimized formulations retained their characteristics even after stability studies. The study clearly showed that this technique was an effective way of formulating ocuserts for retaining the drug concentration at the intended site of action for a sufficient period of time and to elicit the desired pharmacological response.

Objectives:The present work was designed to formulate extended-release tablets of clarithromycin by means of central composite design. To assess the systematic considerate of input and output variables and to construct design space, the central composited design was used. Methods: The concentrations of tamarind kernel powder (X 1 ), ethyl cellulose (X 2 ) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (X 3 ) remained as independent variables and responses were drug release in 2 h, 8 h and t50%. Polynomial equations were employed to forecast the quantitative result of nondependent constraints at different levels on responses. The model stood nonlinear and the curvature outcome was significant.Henceforth the study employed central composite design for optimization. Wet granulation method was used to prepare the tablets and were evaluated for pharmacotechnical properties. Results: FTIR and DSC studies signposted that drug and excipients were compatible. Precompression constraints specified respectable flow properties. The in vitro drug release of entire formulations at the end of 12 h was found to be 96.14% -98.23%. Increase in the concentration of tamarind kernel powder, ethyl cellulose decreased percentage drug release. Contour plots were utilized to assess the relationship between independent variables and dependent variables. Conclusion: The statistical model is scientifically effective as the investigational estimates and foreseen estimates proposed by the model were relatively close to each other. The outcomes confirmed the success of the anticipated design for development of clarithromycin extended-release tablets with optimized properties.

Alangium salviifolium root was screened for phytochemical and anti-inflammatory properties. The percentage inhibition of carrageenan induced paw oedema was studied in rats. Alangium salvifolium gave maximum extractive values with Ethanol and the Loss on Drying value, total ash value and acid-insoluble ash and water soluble ash values were within limits. The extract gave positive tests for phytosterols, triterpenes, flavonoids, carbohydrates and alkaloids. The extract was free from glycosides, saponins, tannins, proteins and amino acids. In acute toxicity studies, Alangium salviifolium root extract was found to be safe up to 3000 mg kg⁻¹, p.o. in the albino rats. The Alangium salviifolium root gave significant per cent inhibition of the maximal paw oedema and very highly significant per cent inhibition of total paw oedema during 6 h. This study revealed that Alangium salviifolium root has good anti-inflammatory actions when compared with Diclofenac sodium.