This paper is an empirical analysis of employment centers in the Los Angeles region from 1997-2014. Most extant work on employment centers focuses on identification methodology or their dynamics during a period of industrial restructuring from 1980-2000. This timely study examines hypotheses derived from more recent perspectives on urban concentration and dispersion including New Urbanism, Smart Growth, sustainable cities, and the recent Global Financial Crisis. We use point-based, rather than census tractbased employment data to analyze concentration across five key industries: knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS), retail, creative, industrial, and high-tech, emphasizing changes in center composition and boundaries. While using point data necessitates slight changes to the nonparametric identification method typically used, results show far greater change across centers than previous longitudinal studies. Only 43% of the land area that is in an employment center is part of one in both 1997 and 2014. Using a persistence score, centers range from stable to highly fluctuating, but emerging, persisting, and dying centers are found in core and fringe areas alike. KIBS are most associated with stable centers, while high tech employment is attracted toward emerging areas and retail exists throughout. Emerging centers are more likely to have greater accessibility, while industrial employment becomes far more concentrated in centers by 2014.

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This article examines how municipal planning contexts can shape urban land use dynamics by investigating the parcel-level land use changes in a five-county Southern California metropolitan area between 1990 and 2005. An analysis, based on a multinomial logit model, shows that land use change patterns significantly vary by municipalities that were situated in heterogeneous planning contexts. More specifically, cities with limited ability to expand their jurisdictional boundaries are found to provide more recreational areas and urban open spaces, while restricting nonconventional land uses. However, no evidence of a shift from single-family to multifamily residential development is detected for such cities.

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кандидат сельскохозяйственных наук 2 Суркова С.А., старший научный сотрудник 1 Syso E.E., candidate of agricultural sciences 2 Surkova S.A., scientific researcher 1 ООО «Хипп», Калининградская обл., Мамоново 2 Поволжский научно-исследовательский институт производства и переработки мясомолочной продукции, Волгоград 1 HIPP, Kaliningrad region, Mamonovo 2 Volga region research institute of manufacture and processing of meat-and-milk production, Volgograd В статье научно обоснована необходимость обогащения йодом продуктов питания детей раннего возраста с целью профилактики заболеваний, вызванных его дефицитом. Представлен расчет оптимального количества внесения йодированной соли в продукты прикорма на мясной основе, позволяющего удовлетворить 17-20% средней суточной потребности ребенка в йоде. The article scientifically substantiates the necessity of iodine enrichment of food of young children in order to prevent diseases caused by its deficiency. The calculation of the optimal amount of iodized salt application to meat-based foods is presented, which allows to satisfy 17-20% of the average daily need of a child in iodine. Ключевые слова: йод, йодированная соль, источник йода, детское питание, питание детей раннего возраста, производство детского питания.