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Modified cyclodextrin sulphate (mCDS) in which lipophilic groups were introduced to cyclodextrin sulphate (CDS) was synthesized and proved more inhibitory to the replication of HIV-1 and HIV-2 than CDS or dextran sulphate (DS). The anti-coagulant activity of mCDS was lower than that of DS. Cyclodextrin phosphate (CDP) showed anti-HIV activity similar to that of CDS, and its anti-coagulant activity was even lower than that of mCDS. Flow cytometric analysis suggested that the mechanism of the anti-HIV-1 action of CDS, mCDS, and CDP is based on inhibition of HIV-1 binding to the cells. The peak blood concentration after oral administration of mCDS11(potassium tris[6-benzylthio-6-deoxy]-β-cyclodextrin hexadecasulphate) to rabbits was about 1000 times higher than the concentration showing anti-HIV activity. The retention time in the blood was also long (blood half-life: 4 h). These results point to the potential usefulness of oral mCDS administration in the prophylaxis and/or therapy of HIV infections.

Mesitylenesulfonyl chloride reacted selectively with primary hydroxyl groups of cycloheptaamylose to give hexakis (6-O-mesitylsulfonyl)cycloheptaamylose (II) and heptakis(mesitylsulfonyl)cycloheptaamylose (I). The selectivity of mesitylenesulfonyl chloride in the preferential sulfonylation is 24 times larger than that of tosyl chloride. Pure hexakis(6-azido-6-deoxy)cycloheptaamylose (III) and hexakis(6-amino-6-deoxy)cycloheptaamylose (IV) were synthesized from II. Pure heptakis(6-amino-6-deoxy)cycloheptaamylose (VII) and mixture of positional isomers of hexakis(6-amino-6-deoxy)mesitylsulfonylcycloheptaamylose (VIII)* were obtained by the catalytic hydrogenation of the corresponding azido compounds V and VI,* which were themselves given by the reaction of I with sodium azide. These amino derivatives, IV, VII, and VIII,* showed significant antimicrobial activities against such gram-negative bacteria as Escherichia, Shigella, and Pseudomonas. These compounds also exhibited hypocholesterolemic effects in the chick when added in the diet for two weeks, probably through sequestration of intestinal bile acids.

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