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An antireflection surface with sub-wavelength structure has been successfully fabricated on a fused silica substrate. The fabricated antireflection structured surface consists of a microcone array of fused silica with a period shorter than the wavelengths of visible light. The microcone array is made by a reactive ion etching method using fluorocarbon plasma. A microdisk array of chromium thin film, formed by an electron-beam lithography and lift-off process, is used as the etching mask. Since an electric field induced near the substrate was focused on the edges of the metal disks, these disks gradually shrank. Consequently, a conical shape was formed. The fabricated cone array has a period of 250 nm and a height of 750 nm. Measured reflectivity of the antireflection structured surface is less than 0.5% in the wavelength range of 400–800 nm for normal incidence.

Este artigo tem como objectivo discutir a validação intercultural do Emotional Skills and Competence Questionnaire (ESCQ), sendo constituído por 45 itens divididos em três subescalas – (i) percepção emocional (PE), (ii) expressão emocional (EE) e (iii) capacidade para lidar com a emoção (CLE) –, e classificado como um instrumento de avaliação da “inteligência emocional de tipo traço” ou da “percepção de competência emocional”. Foi originalmente desenvolvido no contexto croata, de acordo com a perspectiva teórica de Mayer e Salovey (1997), tendo sido traduzido para inglês e apresentado, em 2001, no 7th European Congress of Psychology, em Londres. São apresentadas as qualidades psicométricas e as relações do ESCQ com outros construtos relevantes, nos contextos Croata, Português, Finlandês, Sueco, Esloveno, Espanhol e Japonês, utilizando amostras-alvo de estudantes do ensino secundário e universitário, bem como de sujeitos mais velhos (trabalhadores e supervisores de empresas), tendo evidenciado bons valores de validade de construto, convergente, divergente e concorrente. Contudo, o valor de alpha de Cronbach da subescala CLE exige melhoria, enfatizando a necessidade de prosseguir os estudos de validade do ESCQ.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17575/rpsicol.v20i2.390

The current study examines whether the fear of being laughed at (gelotophobia) can be assessed reliably and validly by means of a self-report instrument in di¤erent countries of the world. All items of the GELOPH 254 R. T. Proyer et al. (Ruch and Titze 1998;Ruch and Proyer 2008b) were translated to the local language of the collaborator (42 languages in total). In total, 22,610 participants in 93 samples from 73 countries completed the GELOPH. Across all samples the reliability of the 15-item questionnaire was high (mean alpha of .85) and in all samples the scales appeared to be unidimensional. The endorsement rates for the items ranged from 1.31% through 80.00% to a single item. Variations in the mean scores of the items were more strongly related to the culture in a country and not to the language in which the data were collected. This was also supported by a multidimensional scaling analysis with standardized mean scores of the items from the GELOPH3154. This analysis identified two dimensions that further helped explaining the data (i.e., insecure vs. intense avoidant-restrictive and low vs. high suspicious tendencies towards the laughter of others). Furthermore, multiple samples derived from one country tended to be (with a few exceptions) highly similar. The study shows that gelotophobia can be assessed reliably by means of a self-report instrument in cross-cultural research. This study enables further studies of the fear of being laughed at with regard to di¤erences in the prevalence and putative causes of gelotophobia in comparisons to di¤erent cultures.

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