High-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) has been performed on layered cerium trichalcogenide CeTe 3 to study the incommensurate charge-density-wave (CDW) mechanism. We found that ARPES spectra near the Fermi level along the superlattice direction (⌫Y direction) show existence of multiple shadow bands due to the CDW formation, while those along the ⌫X direction perpendicular to ⌫Y do not show such a band folding. The energy dispersion of shadow bands is understood in terms of the momentum transfer due to the periodic lattice distortion vector. The observed sizable CDW gap amplitude ͑Ͼ250 meV͒ around Y point is in accordance with the observation of higher order shadow bands.Single-crystals of CeTe 3 were prepared by a flux method using alkaline metal chloride. 4 Mixture of the element pow-FIG. 1. (a) Crystal structure and (b) Brillouin zone of CeTe 3 .

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The surface free energies, interfacial tensions and correlation lengths of the Andrews-Baxter-Forrester models in regimes III and IV are calculated with fixed boundary conditions. The interfacial tensions are calculated between arbitrary phases and are shown to be additive. The associated critical exponents are given by 2 − α s = µ = ν with ν = (L + 1)/4 in regime III and 4 − 2α s = µ = ν with ν = (L + 1)/2 in regime IV. Our results are obtained using general commuting transfer matrix and inversion relation methods that may be applied to other solvable lattice models. §

In failure analysis of complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuits using optical beam induced current (OBIC) techniques, circuit analysis was carried out by studying the flow path of detected photocurrents for the first time. This circuit analysis revealed that the OBIC current can be detected even on a good unit. Furthermore, this gave a clear explanation as to the reason why the suspected failure site detected by OBIC and emission microscopy analyses did not always occur at the same site as the defect. This study showed that there is a high possibility of detecting a failure due to metal-metal short by OBIC analysis.

We optimized BiFeO thin film for use in multilevel optical recording. Due to minimal intersymbol interference (ISI), we obtained a 2.57% sigma-to-dynamic range (SDR) at a recording capacity of 25 GB. We confirmed that our write-once disc achieved a recording capacity of 25 GB using a laser diode with a 405-nm wavelength and a 0.65-numerical aperture objective lens.