We conducted a taxonomic review of the genus Microbispora using chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization techniques, and reached the following conclusions: Microbispora uiridis should be transferred to the genus Actinomadura as Actinomadura rugatobispora comb. nov., nom. nov. (type strain SF2240 = I F 0 14382 = JCM 3366) and Microbispora echinospora should be transferred to the genus Actinomadura as Actinomadura echinospora comb. nov. (type strain JCM 3148 = ATCC 27300). We also propose that Microbispora rosea, Microbispora amethystogenes, Microbispora chromogenes, Microbispora diastatica, Microbispora indica, Microbispora karnatakensis and Microbispora parva should be combined into the species Microbispora rosea subsp. rosea (type strain JCM 3006 = ATCC 12950), and that Microbispora amata, Microbispora thermodiastatica and Microbispora thermorosea should be combined and transferred to the new subspecies Microbispora rosea subsp. aerata comb. nov. (type strain I F 0 12581 = ATCC 15448). Microbispora bispora clearly differs from these ten strains at the species level.

A new species of Actinomadura, for which we propose the name Actinomadura atramentariu, was isolated from a soil sample collected in Japan. Whole-cell hydrolysates contain meso-diaminopimelic acid and a trace of madurose. MK-9(H6) is the major menaquinone, and tuberculostearic acid is the major fatty acid. No nitrogenous phospholipids or mycolic acids are present. A . atramentaria is characterized by its white aerial masses of thickly tufted short chains of two to five spores (mostly two to three spores) with smooth surfaces and by the formation of inky brown diffusible pigments. The type strain o f A . atramenturia is strain SF2197 (= JCM 6250).

Genes for streptomycin phosphotransferase and inosamine-P-amidinotransferase from a streptomycin-producing Streptomyces griseus were cloned on a 3.8kb BamHI-SphI fragment in S. lividans using the multicopy cloning vector pIJ702. The nucleotide sequence of this 3.8kb fragment was determined and the coding sequences for the two genes were identified by comparison with the amino-terminal sequences of the two enzymes purified from S. lividans clones.

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