Doxorubicin (DOXO), a potent and widely used chemotherapeutic agent, causes irreversible heart failure by increasing oxidative stress, which limits its clinical utility. Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2 -like 2 (Nrf2) is a prominent central regulator of cellular impenetrable to oxidants. The purpose of the study is to assess the ameliorative outcome of quercetin in cardiomyopathic rats induced by doxorubicin. Cardiomyopathy was produced in rats by single intraperitoneal weekly with DOXO (2 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. The rats were divided into five groups: (I) control group; (II) DOXO (2 mg/kg, i.p.) group; (III-V) DOXO þ quercetin (10 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg, orally), and were treated for 7 weeks. At the end of the treatment duration, cardiac function and biochemical parameters were assessed. Quercetin (10 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg, orally) treatment reduced the raised blood pressure (BP) and left ventricular dysfunction. Withal, it prevented the rise in CKMB and LDH, suggesting the effect of quercetin in the maintaining the integrity of the cell membrane Besides, it also prevented the alteration in electrolyte levels, the activity of ATPase, and antioxidant status. Quercetin increased Nrf2 mRNA expression and reduced histological abnormalities compared 1 to the DOXO control group. In conclusion, quercetin protected against DOXO-induced cardiomyopathy, by increasing expression of NRF2, and thereby increasing antioxidant defense and restoring biochemical and histological abnormalities.

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The inflammatory disease’s increased prevalence leads to a major concern around the world. Still, there is a lack of effective and successful therapy in the reversal of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) symptoms. Whereas, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and muddled defense capacity of antioxidants in IBD subjects reported several times. Many proton pump inhibitors have been reported previously for their anti-inflammatory effect. The present study is aimed to assess the ameliorative effect of lansoprazole in experimentally induced IBD in rats. Thirty-six female Sprague Dawley rats were divided equally into six groups based on their body weight. Lansoprazole (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg, p.o.) and 5-aminosalicylate (5-ASA, 100 mg/kg, p.o.) served as standard control respectively, given for 18 days once a day. On the 11th day of the study, colitis was induced by intrarectal instillation of 2, 4-Dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS), and treatment was continued for the next 7 days. Administration of lansoprazole (at 5 and 10 mg/kg) significantly reduced DAI (Disease Activation Index) and CMDI (Colon Macroscopic Damage Index); which further justifies a reduction in colon inflammation grades, as well as histopathological changes, and reflected by the stalling of body weight. The anti-inflammatory effects were indicated by lowered MPO (myeloperoxidase) and SOD (superoxide dismutase) in colon tissue as well as restores colonic NO (nitric oxide) level. The study shows lansoprazole improved DAI and CMDI scores, reduction of neutrophil infiltration, and an improved antioxidant status indicating an anti-ulcerative effect in DNBS-induced experimental colitis that is comparable with 5-ASA treatment.

Objectives: The practice of self-medication (SM) without consulting a health-care professional among the populace of both developed and developing countries like India may lead to a delay in therapeutic effectiveness. The present study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of SM among the general population of Gujarat. Material and Methods: An observational, cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among 488 participants between April 2021 and May 2021 to evaluate the several aspects of SM. In April 2021, this study was conducted on both the genders of 18–80 years of urban and rural areas of Gujarat. Data were analyzed for descriptive statistics. The data presented in the form of percentages using tables and figures. The responses were collected and analyzed using GraphPad v.8 and Microsoft Excel for percentage and statistical significance. Results: Prevalence of SM was 78.3%. It was found to be practiced more among the younger age group (55.32%) than the older. Graduates practiced SM more than the others (P < 0.004). Significant association was found between its practice and residency (P < 0.03), marital status (P < 0.003), education (P < 0.004), and occupation (P < 0.0007). Fever, cough, and cold were the most common conditions noted for SM practice followed by headache. It was noticed that 63.5% participants were procured medications from pharmacy. Multivitamins, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and antibiotics were the most frequent medications used by participants. Conclusion: The prevalence of SM is alarming which causes serious health issues and needs an intervention. Planning of health awareness programs, educating people, and pharmacists are necessary for promoting rational use of medication.

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