Postnatal IGF-I and IGFBP-3 concentrations are positively associated with brain volumes at 40 GW in very preterm infants. Normalization of the IGF-I axis, directly or indirectly, may support normal brain development in very preterm infants.

To evaluate the relationships between postnatal change in circulatory insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentrations, brain volumes, and developmental outcome at 2 y of age in very preterm infants

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a major complication of preterm birth and has been associated with later visual and nonvisual impairments. Objectives: To evaluate relationships between any stage of ROP, brain volumes, and developmental outcomes. Methods: This study included 52 very preterm infants (gestational age [mean ± SD]: 26.4 ± 1.9 weeks). Total brain, gray matter, unmyelinated white matter (UWMV), and cerebellar volumes were estimated in 51 out of 52 infants by magnetic resonance imaging at term-equivalent age. Bayley Scales of Infant Development were used to assess developmental outcomes in 49 out of 52 infants at a mean corrected age of 24.6 months. Results: Nineteen out of 52 infants developed any stage of ROP. Infants with ROP had a lower median (IQR) UWMV (173 [156–181] vs. 204 [186–216] mL, p < 0.001) and cerebellar volume (18.3 [16.5–20] vs. 22.3 [20.3–24.7] mL, p < 0.001) than infants without ROP. They also had a lower median (IQR) mental developmental index (72 [56–83] vs. 100 [88–104], p < 0.001) and a lower psychomotor developmental index (80 [60–85] vs. 92 [81–103], p = 0.002). Brain volumes and developmental outcomes did not differ among infants with different stages of ROP. Conclusion: Any stage of ROP in preterm infants was associated with a reduced brain volume and an impaired developmental outcome. These results suggest that common pathways may lead to impaired neural and neurovascular development in the brain and retina and that all stages of ROP may be considered in future studies on ROP and development.

Auditory event-related potentials at preschool age in children born very preterm.Hövel, Holger; Partanen, Eino; Huotilainen, Minna; Lindgren, Magnus; Rosén, Ingmar; Fellman, Vineta Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Hövel, H., Partanen, E., Huotilainen, M., Lindgren, M., Rosén, I., & Fellman, V. (2014). Auditory event-related potentials at preschool age in children born very preterm. Clinical Neurophysiology, 125(3), 449-456. DOI: 10.1016449-456. DOI: 10. /j.clinph.2013 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.• You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Highlights• In auditory event-related potentials of preschool children, we found a faster decrease in latencies of P1 and N2 around the age of 5 years than previously described.• At preschool age, children born very preterm had obligatory responses that differed from term-born and late preterm-born children.• The decrease of N1 amplitude in the very preterm born children might reflect cognition, since similar amplitude findings have been described in term-born children with cognitive deficits. 3 AbstractObjective: To assess auditory event-related potentials at preschool age in children born very preterm (VP, 27.4±1.9 gestational weeks, n=70) with a high risk of cognitive dysfunction. Methods:We used an oddball paradigm consisting of a standard tone randomly replaced by one of three infrequent deviants (differing in frequency, sound direction or duration). Results:The P1 and N2 latencies were inversely correlated to age (50-63 months) both in VP Conclusions: Our data suggest a fast maturation of P1 and N2 responses with fast decrease in P1 and N2 latencies around the age of 5 years. Mismatch negativity response does not seem to be a robust measure for defining abnormalities in VP children. Significance:In ERP studies in preschool children, even small, non-significant group differences in age at recording should be corrected for. Very preterm born children at preschool age have aERP patterns as earlier described in full-term born children with cognitive deficits. 4