Glioma is one of the deadliest malignant brain tumors in adults worldwide. MicroRNA (miR) has been reported to be a pivotal regulator in human tumors. The aim of this study was to determine the expression, function, and mechanism of action of miR-1269a in glioma progression. The expression of miR-1269a was higher in both glioma cases reported in databases and glioma cell lines, and it was highly associated with poorer prognosis. Next, it was shown in vitro that mimic of miR-1269a could promote glioma progression and arrest apoptosis, whereas the inhibition of miR-1269a exhibited the opposite effects. In addition, miR-1269a was found to directly target ATRX chromatin remodeler by a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Moreover, ATRX overexpression could reverse the suppressive effects of miR-1269a on proliferation and apoptosis in vitro. In vivo subcutaneous xenograft tumor assay was also performed to confirm the phenotypes and molecular mechanism involved. Taking the findings together, our study implies that the miR-1269a/ATRX axis is a novel therapeutic target of glioma.

Objective: We performed a meta-analysis to estimate the association between IL-13 gene rs20541 (R130Q) polymorphism and the susceptibility of glioma. Patients and Methods: Potentially eligible studies published before February 1, 2016 were searched in 4 databases including PubMed, EMBASE, EBSCO, and Ovid. Odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to estimate the strength of relationship between the IL-13 gene rs20541 polymorphism and glioma susceptibility. Stata 11.0 software was used to perform the present meta-analysis. Results: In total, 10 case-control studies with 13 datasets including 3,123 cases and 5,390 controls were identified. A significant increase in glioma susceptibility was found in the dominant model (AA + AG vs. GG: OR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.01-1.29; P = 0.031). Significantly decreasing glioma susceptibility was found for Asians in the heterozygote comparison (AG vs. GG: OR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.55-0.99; P = 0.042) and the allele contrast genetic model (A vs. G: OR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.47-0.96; P = 0.028). By contrast, in Caucasians, a significant increase in glioma susceptibility was found in the dominant model (AA + AG vs. GG: OR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.11-1.41; P = 0.000). Conclusion: There may be a weak association between the IL-13 gene rs20541 polymorphism and glioma susceptibility, and the associations may be different between ethnicities.

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is an uncommon condition characterized by the proliferation of histiocytes and multiple intracranial involvements and it is extremely rare. Here, we present two cases of multiple intracranial RDD mimicking meningioma. These patients underwent surgery for tumour resection and pathological findings revealed an increased number of IgG4-positive plasma cells in RDD. The radiographic appearance and histology may contribute to a diagnostic dilemma, and immunohistochemical and serological examinations are a necessary complement for definitive diagnosis. Treatment protocols pertaining to such types of RDD cases are reviewed. Currently, surgical resection is the most effective therapy, and steroid therapy, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy may be provided as adjuvant treatments in some selected patients.

We sought to clarify the clinical relationship between REST/NRSF expression and the prognosis of glioma and explore the REST-associated competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network in glioma. We downloaded RNA-seq, miRNA-seq and correlated clinical data of 670 glioma patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas and analyzed the correlation between REST expression, clinical characteristics and prognosis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified with DESeq2 and analyzed with Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) using the Profiler package. Starbase was used to explore the regulatory interaction between REST and miRNAs or LncRNAs. The lncRNA-miRNA-REST ceRNA network was constructed with Cytoscape. RT-qPCR, WB, CCK8, wound-healing, and luciferase assays were performed to validate the ceRNA network. Results showed that REST expression was significantly higher in glioma patients than normal samples. Higher REST expression was significantly associated with worse overall survival, progression-free interval, and worse disease-specific survival in glioma patients. The DEGs of mRNA, miRNA, and lncRNA were identified, and GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed. Finally, REST-associated ceRNA networks, including NR2F2-AS1-miR129-REST and HOTAIRM1-miR137-REST, were experimentally validated. Thus, REST may be a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in glioma, and its regulatory network validated in this study may provide insights into glioma's molecular regulatory mechanisms.

Some patterns of AMR changes might have been ignored if we had only applied a narrow range of stimulus intensities (1-30 mA) to judge whether AMR disappeared or not. Thus, a wide range of stimulus intensities (1-100 mA) to trace the AMR-elicited threshold values was proposed for a more precise prediction.