Starting from the Industrial Revolution, continuous technical progress in Modern Architecture introduced new dimensions to the traditional methods of construction. Thus, Modern Architecture had a tremendous effect in introducing new approaches to the aesthetic understanding of the built environment. In addition, there are a lot of criticism on the philosophy of Modern Architecture and the idea of Machine Age Architecture led to the lack of sense of place and cultural detachment. This study aimed to assess the existing gap in literature by using a qualitative assessment of literature on Modern Architecture and stylistic classification of architectural movements in the Modern era. Overall, the study concludes that ignoring cultural values and its semiological references in architectural design are the most important aesthetic factor that led to the failure of Modern Architecture.

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Despite Erbil's citadel significant role in the urban space configuration, it suffers from many functional and accessibility problems, there is rapture in the connectivity, accessibility and visual consistency between the city precinct and the development in the peripheral area, the connectivity of the city could be increased through enhancing centrality of the urban fabric through touristic gentrification. The paper aims to find a way to increase the connectivity between the citadel and its precinct through the touristic gentrification approach. The research adopted the Urban Network Analysis (UNA) technique as a primary methodology for the analysis with its centrality principles. The methodology worked on the urban gentrification process as a way to fill the weak link to increase urban connectivity. The paper found that some areas with high connectivity values in terms of place centrality do not have an equal transformation in terms of land use and importance which accordingly, proposed to be gentrified locations.