China has nearly 10% of the general HBV carrier population in the world; this infection is the most common cause of chronic liver disease. Understanding HBV epidemiology is essential for future infection control, evaluation, and treatment. This study determined the prevalence of HBV infection in Shenzhen by serological testing and analysis in 282,166 HBV screening cases for the following: HBcAb, indicative of previous HBV infection; HBsAg, indicative of chronic (current) infection; HBsAb, indicative of immunity from vaccination; and 34,368 HBV etiological screening cases for HBV-DNA, indicative of virus carriage, in which 1,204 cases were genotyped and mutation analyzed for drug-resistance evaluation. Shenzhen was a highly endemic area of HBV throughout the study period (prevalence 9.69%). HBV infections were almost entirely in the 20 and older age groups with a male-to-female ratio of 1.16:1 which is approximately the same as the male-to-female ratio of the general population in China. However, only 71.25% of the general population retained HBV immune protection. Genotype B and C were identified as the most common agents; recombinant B/C and B/D also existed; some cases, however, could not be genotyped. NAs resistant mutation occurrence patterns were multitudinous; single mutation patterns of rtM204I/V and rtL180M occurrences accounted for majority, followed by the combinational mutation pattern L180M + M204I/V. Drug-resistance was prevalent, mainly occurring in the cross resistance patterns LAM + LdT and LAM + LdT + ETV, and significantly more critical in males. These results demonstrate that all people free from HBV infection should obtain injections of the vaccine or booster shots, and conventional virologic detection in a clinical laboratory center should incorporate genotype and mutation alongside the serological factors for etiology and develop better classification methods, such as sequencing.

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Background and objective:Eosinophilic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been recognized as an inflammatory pattern which is importance for precise treatment interventions among COPD. However, the studies about eosinophilic COPD show conflicting results and the role of eosinophils in COPD remains unclear. In this study, LC-MS/MS-based mediator lipidomics was to determine the expression status of lipid signals in non-eosinophilic and eosinophilic COPD.Method:A totally 80 patients with COPD including 40 eosinophilic COPD and 40 non-eosinophilic COPD were enrolled over 12 months. Clinical characteristics information record, pulmonary function tests, complete blood count, serum metabolites analysis and other clinical tests were performed at baseline and follow-up. Results:There were no significant differences in pulmonary function or pulmonary function decline between eosinophilic COPD and non-eosinophilic COPD after follow-up. However, eosinophilic COPD have higher numbers of acute exacerbation patient in the last 1 year. Complete blood count (CBC) data demonstrated that Δblood eosinophil count (BEC) was significantly decreased and correlated with ΔFEV1 (% Predicted) (r = 0.314, P = 0.036) in eosinophilic COPD. Furthermore, compared to non-eosinophilic COPD, a series of 12/15-LOX-derived mediators were found increased in eosinophilic COPD. Among them, 17-HDoHE was found significantly decreased after follow-up and significantly correlated with ΔBEC (r= 0.336, P= 0.023).Conclusion:This study demonstrates that metabolic levels of non-eosinophilic COPD and eosinophilic COPD were different due to the huge difference in eosinophil level, which leads to different inflammatory patterns, and the 12/15-LOX metabolic pathway was one of them. The results might help to understand the inflammatory response and lipid metabolism of eosinophilic COPD.

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