Depression is very common and multi-problematic disorder, and it can affect almost all aspects of lives of people including the way people eat, sleep, behave and perform. Depression can also lead to increase in consumption of unhealthy foods. This study is set to assess impact of depression on the consumption frequency of various food groups among final-year medical students of Rawalpindi Medical University Pakistan. This may bring new way to improve physical health through application of interventions for mental health. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in December 2019 among final year medical MBBS students of Rawalpindi Medical University Pakistan. Two questionnaires were used for data collection including, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Revised-10 (CESD-R-10) for depression assessment while a self-structured questionnaire which was designed to get information regarding demographic details and food consumption of various food groups (Fresh foods, Sweet foods, Ready to eat foods, Snack foods and Fast Foods). Students who had any physical and mental illness and irregular dietary habits were excluded. From the total of 307 participants of study, 269 participants gave back properly filled questionnaires, therefore, final sample size became 269. Data analysis was accomplished through SPSS v.25.0. Because of non-parametric nature of data different non-parametric statistical tests including Mann–Whitney test, Kruskal–Wallis test and Spearman correlation were applied to evaluate the study variables. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Difference in depression was statistically significant, across gender (p=0.007) and boarding status (p=0.000). Significant differences of depression were also found across intake three frequency levels of sweet foods(p=0.000), fast foods(p=0.000), snack foods(p=0.000), ready to eat foods(p=0.000) and fruits and vegetables(p=0.000). Spearman correlation coefficient was positive for four foods groups including sweet foods (0.426 with p=0.000), fast foods (0.610 with p=0.000), snack foods (0.611 with p=0.000), ready to eat foods (0.649 with p=0.000), while for fruits and vegetables ( -0.640 with p=0.000) it was negative. Positive values of Spearman correlation coefficient for sweet foods, fast foods, snack foods, and ready to eat foods indicate that, increase in depression leads to increase in consumption of these food groups while, negative value for fruits and vegetables indicates that increase in depression leads to reduction in consumption of this food group. Our study results show that depression leads to change in consumption frequency of various food groups. Increase in depression leads to increase consumption frequency of unhealthy food groups including sweet foods, fast foods, snack foods, ready to eat foods while increase in depression leads to decrease consumption frequency of fruits and vegetables. Therefore, by applying suitable intervention for the alleviation of depression we can improve dietary habits and consequently physical health.

Flu is caused by influenza A and B virus leading an acute respiratory illness. This review summarizes advance diagnostic techniques for detecting and confirming influenza virus and treatments involve. RADTS are beneficial tools but with the limited sensitivity. Pandemic confirmation H1N1 influenza A infection done by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) or viral culture. Several approaches are as of now accessible for determination of flu contaminations like serological tests are generally used to identify flu infection in immunizer reactions incorporate hemagglutination restraint test that depends on capacity of HA-explicit antibodies. Rapid molecular assays that produces results in approximately in 15-30minutes by detecting nucleic acids of influenza in upper respiratory tract. For treating influenza antiviral medications are given to patients based on clinical and epidemiological factors. Neuraminidase inhibitor (NI) is the drug of choice. A good way to prevent the disease is to give individuals annual vaccine and another way is to start an early diagnosis and give medications in short time to patients to prevent further spread of disease and reduce complications otherwise.

Objective: To look for QTc changes associated with Tyrosine Kinase inhibitors and factors related to these changes among patients suffering from cancer. Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Oncology Department, CMH Rawalpindi Pakistan from Dec 2020 to Apr 2021. Methodology: The study included one hundred and eighty patients with solid or haematological malignancies taking Tyrosine Kinase inhibitors for more than three months. They underwent 12 lead ECGs inside the oncology department. QTc interval was calculated on the ECG of all the patients, and they were evaluated for the presence of prolonged QT interval. Age, gender, duration of Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor use and presence of comorbid illness were correlated with the presence of QTc changes in our study participants. Results: Out of 180 cancer patients using Tyrosine Kinase inhibitors for more than three months included in the study, 96 (53.3%) were male, while 84 (46.7%) were female. One hundred and eighteen (65.5%) had normal QTc intervals, while 62 (34.5%) had prolonged QTc intervals in our study participants. Chi square test revealed that the advanced age of the patient and prolonged use of Tyrosine Kinase inhibitors was statistically significantly associated with QTc prolongation in our study (p-value<0.001). Conclusion: Significant number of cancer patients using Tyrosine Kinase inhibitors had prolonged QTc intervals in our study. Special attention should be paid to cancer patients with advancing age and prolonged use of Tyrosine Kinase inhibitors.

Oral lichen planus is an inflammatory disorder that affects the mouth. Oral mucosa primarily affects women in their forties and fifties. OLP is a localised autoimmune disorder caused by T-cell malfunction, according to previous research. The tongue, buccal mucosa, and gingiva are the most prevalent sites for OLP. The distribution of oral lesions is always symmetrical and bilateral. Oral leukoplakia and oral erythro leukoplakia might be mistaken for plaque-like and atrophic/erosive OLP, respectively. Because OLP is an immunologically mediated condition, corticosteroids are the most effective treatment. Herbal medicine, which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant qualities, appears to be a viable alternative therapy. As a result, the goal of this research was to describe the efficacy of different OLP treatments.

Objective: To determine the frequency of vitamin D deficiency in newly diagnosed patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus.