Previously it was reported elsewhere that Lawsonia inermis have anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect in experimental animals. The in vitro porcine alpha amylase inhibitory effect was investigated of this plant methanolic extracts and consequently hypoglycemic effect by quantitatively determining the maltose from the maltose standard curve while the anti-inflammatory effect by acetic acid induced writhing test in mice. Acarbose (10 microg mL(-1)) and Diclofenac sodium (20 mg kg(-1)) were used as reference hypoglycemic and anti-inflammatory drugs, respectively, for this study. The methanolic leaves extract of the plant significantly inhibited (60.97% compared to untreated) enzymatic activity of the amylase at 10 microg mL(-1) dose (p < 0.05) also reduced the chemically induced nociceptive pain stimuli significantly at all doses (p < 0.01). Carbohydrates, glycosides, flavonoids, saponins and tannins were found to have in phytochemical screening of the extract which are thought to bring these effects. For the conclusive purpose, it is suggesting from the result that the pharmacological properties of this Lawsonia inermis can elicit hypoglycemic effect by inhibiting alpha-amylase enzyme and can reduce neurogenic pain stimulus. It gives the notion that how this group of patient would be therapeutically benefitted by decreasing both these effects by the same agent which is easy available.

Niosomes, a vesicular formulation, has been explored extensively for topical application to enhance skin penetration as well as to improve skin retention of drugs. In this study, three different rifampicin (1% w/w) niosomal formulations were prepared. Span 60, propylene glycol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), methanol and distilled water were used in the formulations. Different rifampicin niosomal formulations containing 12% (RN-F1), 16% (RN-F2) and 20% (RN-F3) of Span 60 were prepared by injection method. Rifampicin content of each formulation was determined by UV spectrophotometer at 475 nm. Niosome particle size was measured by laser scattering method using Mastersizer 2000. Volume average diameter, d 50 of different formulations were found 8.488 nm (RN-F1), 12.533 nm (RN-F2) and 12.375 (RN-F3). Niosome preparations were also characterized by entrapment efficiency and in vitro drug release and pH stability test. Results of entrapment efficiency were found to be 55.11%, 57.66% and 60.17% for RN-F1, RN-F2 and RN-F3, respectively. Drug release pattern of RN-F2 and RN-3 formulations showed sustained release at controlled rate. All formulations were more stable at pH 5.8 to 7.0. Antibacterial effect of rifampicin niosomes was evaluated against S. epidermidis and S. aureus isolated from acne by antibiotic sensitivity and time kill study. The results of time kill study revealed that up to 96% of bacteria were killed within 4 hours. In this experiment, rifampicin niosomes were successfully prepared for the intention of targeting antibacterial effect in acne

In this study, twenty five samples were collected from acne, ranging from 20 to 25 years old patients. The specimens were cultured on trypticase soy agar (TSA) plate. 25 suspected single colonies were isolated using mannitol salt agar. Isolates were identified by short biochemical tests such as catalase, coagulase, oxidase and Gram staining test. Five Staphylococcus aureus and eleven Staphylococcus epidermidis strains were identified. Antibiotic sensitivity of all strains was tested according to the Kirby-Bauer method using commercially available gentamicin, erythromycin, azithromycin, oxacillin, clindamycin and rifampicin discs. 100% of the isolates were sensitive to gentamicin and rifampicin. On the other hand, 93.75% isolates were sensitive to oxacillin, erythromycin and azithromycin and 81.25% isolates were sensitive to clindamicin. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of rifampicin and gentamicin was determined by test tube serial dilution method and it was found to be 4 µg/ml for both. Our results showed that both rifampicin and gentamicin are effective antibacterial agents for acne.

No abstract