Objectives: To get information regarding the most preferred contraceptive method used by married women of rural area of Basic health unit (BHU) 96/GB of Faisalabad. Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 married women of rural areas with different socio-demographic factors, age groups, & family backgrounds. A structured questionnaire consisting of open ended and close ended questions was made, and pre-tested. Face to face interviews of those willing women were done at their residence with the help of a trained Lady Health Workers (LHWs) and the 100% response rate achieved. Non-probability sampling(convenient) was adopted to include willing married female. Statistical Package for the Social Sciencesp-19 was used for analysis & descriptive statistics were calculated. Results: Out of 300 participants majority of women 129(43%) are using Combined Oral Contraceptive Pills (OCP) followed by condoms 65(21.6%) and natural method (exclusive breast feeding) 40(13.6%). Majority of women 125(41.6%) have been taking contraception for 1-2 years. Most participants 217(90.3%) were of age 27-36 years along with majority of participants were having gravidity and parity of 4-6 each. Opinion of better family well-being was given by 110(36.6%) women after taking contraception for family planning. Major side effect of nausea and vomiting noticed among 35(11.6%) user of oral contraceptive methods. Conclusion: Oral contraceptive pills are the most commonly used contraceptive method among married women. The reason of this preference is availability of combined oral contraceptive pills at basic health units. These OCP delivered through lady health workers increased the number of women taking contraception for family planning. It is also related with increased awareness about family wellbeing and health of mother.

Background: Anemia is one of the most widely recognized nutritional deficiencies for the duration of pregnancy in underdeveloped countries. It is a risk factor for preterm delivery and consequent low birth weight new born, and subsequent ill effects on neonate and infant health. Further research and sufficient data in different setting is required for determining the extent to which maternal anemia might contribute to maternal morbidity, mortality and impact on pregnancy outcomes. Objective: To assess the effects of iron supplements on pregnancy outcomes. Study Design: Cross-sectional study in which women delivered in hospital were questioned for history of intake of iron supplements during ante-natal period and new born was examined for any adverse effects of iron deficiency anemia. Setting: Hilal-E-Ahmar Maternity Hospital Faisalabad. Results and Discussion: 400 respondents were included in study that was regular in attending ante-natal clinic in the hospital during different gestational period. No significant adverse effects/outcomes were seen in women and newborn irrespective of frequency of iron supplementation already taken during these gestational periods. Conclusion: Majority of the newborn delivered full term and without any complication of pregnancy in this study as well as most of them had normal birth weight. This finding is linked with intake of iron supplements taken by majority of pregnant women during antenatal care. Incidence of low birth weight new born, abortion (spontaneous & therapeutic) and fetal deaths were almost negligible.

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Objective:To evaluate the level of dental health awareness, existing status of dental hygiene and extent of compliance to basic dental health education in hearing and speech impaired children. Setting: Govt. higher secondary school of special education for hearing impaired, Faisalabad, where around 300 hearing and speech impaired students from play-group to intermediate are under educational program. Age group: 7-11 years. Sample Size: Total 90 children had mixed dentition stage and were selected because this group is most vulnerable to poor dental health. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Duration: April-May 2015. Sampling technique: Non-Probability convenient sampling. Methodology: Under the supervision of their parents and teachers, using their sign language to communicate, the children were assessed for their knowledge about dental health through a pretested and close ended questionnaire and their prevailing oral hygiene status especially their gingival health was examined visually. Any sign of gingival inflammation with glazing, redness, edema and/or hypertrophy was marked as gingivitis. Followed by a session of basic dental health education, which was delivered to these differently-abled (deaf) children through specially designed presentations with maximum picture and video messages, which were easy for them to understand. After 45 days, re-examination was done to find out the percentage improvement in their gingival health. Results: Of the total 90 children, 66 of them had never visited a dentist for a routine dental check-up. Yet 47 of them had a good knowledge that dental brushing prevented tooth decay, but only 25 children knew that sweets causes dental decay and only 18 were aware that fizzy drinks adversely affects the teeth. On oral examination, 61.11% of these children were found to have compromised gingival health status; gingivitis. When after they were given basic dental health education and examined again on 45 th day, number of children having gingivitis dropped to only 28.88%, indicating that 32.22% of these hearing and speech impaired children having poor gingival health previously, showed up improvements. Conclusion: Comprehensive oral health awareness education to these children can largely bring a change in their knowledge, attitudes and practices in maintaining dental health.