Role of Iron Supplements on Pregnancy Outcomes

Abstract

Background: Anemia is one of the most widely recognized nutritional deficiencies for the duration of pregnancy in underdeveloped countries. It is a risk factor for preterm delivery and consequent low birth weight new born, and subsequent ill effects on neonate and infant health. Further research and sufficient data in different setting is required for determining the extent to which maternal anemia might contribute to maternal morbidity, mortality and impact on pregnancy outcomes. Objective: To assess the effects of iron supplements on pregnancy outcomes. Study Design: Cross-sectional study in which women delivered in hospital were questioned for history of intake of iron supplements during ante-natal period and new born was examined for any adverse effects of iron deficiency anemia. Setting: Hilal-E-Ahmar Maternity Hospital Faisalabad. Results and Discussion: 400 respondents were included in study that was regular in attending ante-natal clinic in the hospital during different gestational period. No significant adverse effects/outcomes were seen in women and newborn irrespective of frequency of iron supplementation already taken during these gestational periods. Conclusion: Majority of the newborn delivered full term and without any complication of pregnancy in this study as well as most of them had normal birth weight. This finding is linked with intake of iron supplements taken by majority of pregnant women during antenatal care. Incidence of low birth weight new born, abortion (spontaneous & therapeutic) and fetal deaths were almost negligible.

Effect of women's literacy on maternal and child health: Evidence from demographic Health Survey data in Senegal

“…These results corroborate those already established in the literature. In relation to contraceptive use, Imam et al 41 . show that there is a positive association between maternal education and health seeking behavior among literate women as compared to illiterate women in terms of use of contraception and safe delivery practices.…”

Achieving Infant Mortality SDG 3 Target in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa: Does Carbon Emission Matter?

“…Rather, a plethora of factors, as suggested in health literature, are responsible for the slow rate of infant mortality reduction. Among these, maternal literacy and health have been identified as significant determinants of IMRs (Balogun et al, 2017;Dey, 2017;Enlow et al, 2019;Imam et al, 2017;Shrestha, 2019). Globally, there was a 7.68% increase in maternal literacy rates between 2000 (75.344%) and 2019 (83.024%), while in SSA region, the rate increased by 12%, from 15% in 2000 to 27% in 2019, as per WDI data (2021).…”

“…Although earlier studies (Abuqamar et al, 2011;Balogun et al, 2017;Chowdhury et al, 2010;Dey, 2017;Enlow et al, 2019;Imam et al, 2017;Jain & Bisen, 2012;Kapoor, 2010;Shrestha, 2019) have validated the significant impact of maternal and female literacy on IMRs, it is unclear as to whether the presence of carbon emission would worsen or reduce its effect on IMRs. Therefore, this study focused on the impact of carbon emission on infant mortality and controlled for other economic variables that included FDI, government social expenditure, and GDP per head to analyze a more robust model than earlier studies.…”