No abstract

The history of mankind is separated into three different main phases yielded by three revolutions and transformations happened around (Kocacık, 2003: 1-3). The first of these revolutions was the agricultural revolution whose transformation in the mankind was seemed as the emergence of the agricultural society. The second revolution happened in industry (firstly commenced in Britain) known as the industrial revolution whose main societal and political result was the construction of the industrial society. The last of these revolutions is the informational revolution (Akman et al., 2005: 239) by which mankind has passed to a new type of society called information society (Almarabeh and AbuAli, 2010: 29) where the attitudes and institutions of the past societal structures have been partially or totally rejected. Called as "information society", what is the most visible in this type of society is the common presence and high level usability of information and communication technology (ICT) devices designed for mass communication and transmission, but also are used for the aim of getting together or making voices louder. As it is well stated by Hassan

The reflection of public values (PVs) could be monitored through some indicators, like institutional social media tools. The measurement of how PVs are reflected over local social media accounts is of great importance. Studies in the relevant literature are mainly focusing on the benefits of social media presence, drivers, or barriers or attitudes and expectations on social media presence. We, in this study, focus on the evaluation of whether and how selected PVs are reflected through social media accounts of metropolitan municipalities (MMs) in Turkey. By taking participation, collaboration, and transparency as the main PVs, we have formed an evaluation metric composed of five sub-criteria for each determinant. With the help of seven public administration experts holding a Ph.D. degree to form an expert graded scheme by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), we have employed a content analysis over Twitter accounts of 30 Turkish MMs using this expert graded scheme. We have found that Turkish MMs were found not to grasp the valuation of the selected PVs since most seem to fail to reflect them over their social media accounts to the full extent possible. Moreover, many Turkish MMs seem to have violated privacy and personal data.

Purpose-The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects on economic growth of export in the leading countries ICT exports. In this context, the relationship between information communication technology exports and economic growth of 7 selected countries using annual data between 2000-2015 was investigated with the help of panel data analysis. Methodology-The relationship between information communication technology exports and economic growth of 7 selected countries using annual data between 2000-2015 was investigated with the help of panel data analysis. Findings-The existence of cross section dependency and the slope coefficients are homogeneous. According to the analysis of causality, there is a bi-directional causality relation from export of information technologies to economic growth. Conclusion-This result reveals the importance of information and communication technologies' export to support economic growth. As a result of policies to be implemented in this direction, the growing sector can make a significant contribution to growth by creating production and export increases.

There are many developments affecting societal, cultural, and political relations. The ubiquitous spread of information and communication tools (ICTs) are among these developments. Studies in literature are not indifferent to the impacts brought about in politics by ICTs, particularly by social networking sites (SNSs). During the research, many studies were found that focus on changes and transformations induced by ICTs that unprecedentedly affect interactions and relationships in political life. SNSs, a part of ICTs, have transformative effects on elected and their voters. Though there are many papers that focus on SNSs and political use of SNSs, a void was observed in relevant literature focusing on synthesizing the literature on particular country cases. For this reason, a systematic literature analysis was performed. Findings of this chapter on the political use of SNSs in Turkey indicate that political actors do not fully take advantage of SNSs and their potentialities. The political use of SNSs presents a rhizomatic formation rather than being hierarchical.