A novel bacterial strain, designated UDC329 T , was isolated from a sample of seawater collected at Dong-do, on the coast of Dokdo Island, in the East Sea of the Republic of Korea. The Gramstaining-negative, motile, facultatively anaerobic, non-spore-forming rods of the strain developed into dark orange-yellow colonies. The strain grew optimally between 25 and 30 6C, with 1 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 7. It grew in the absence of NaCl, but not with NaCl at .7 % (w/v). The predominant menaquinone was MK-7, the predominant ubiquinones were Q-7 and Q-8, and the major fatty acids were iso-C 15 : 0 (33.52 %) and C 17 : 1 v8c (11.73 %). The genus Shewanella, which was first described by MacDonell & Colwell (1985), is a member of the class Gammaproteobacteria (Anzai et al., 2000). Established species in the genus are facultatively anaerobic, aquatic, marine bacteria that are Gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped and oxidase-positive and have genomic DNA G+C contents of 42-55 mol% (Bowman, 2005;Gauthier et al., 1995;MacDonell & Colwell, 1985;Venkateswaran et al., 1999). At the time of writing, the genus Shewanella comprised 56 recognized species, most of which have been isolated from marine environments, such as seawater, marine sediments or sand, tidal flats or marine invertebrates and fish (Bowman et al., 1997;Bozal et al., 2002;Brettar et al., 2002; Gao et al., 2006;Gram et al., 1987;Gram & Huss, 1996;Hirota et al., 2005;Ivanova et al., 2001Ivanova et al., , 2003a Ivanova et al., , b, 2004aKim et al., 2007;Lee et al., 2006;Leonardo et al., 1999;Makemson et al., 1997;Miyazaki et al., 2006;Myers & Nealson, 1988;Nealson et al., 1991;Nogi et al., 1998; Pankaj et al., 2011;Park et al., 2009;Satomi et al., 2003Satomi et al., , 2006Satomi et al., , 2007Simidu et al., 1990; Stenström & Molin, 1990;Sucharita et al., 2009; Toffin et al., 2004;Xiao et al., 2007;Yang et al., 2006Yang et al., , 2007 Yoon et al., 2004a, b;Zhao et al., 2005Zhao et al., , 2006Zhao et al., , 2007Ziemke et al., 1998). Some species of the genus Shewanella have, however, been isolated from estuarine (Skerratt et al., 2002; Venkateswaran et al., 1998Venkateswaran et al., , 1999 or clinical samples (Brink et al., 1995;Debois et al., 1975;Holmes et al., 1975;Levin, 1972;Nozue et al., 1992), oilfield fluids (Semple & Westlake, 1987), activated sludge (Xu et al., 2005) and coal-mine sludge (Sravan Kumar et al., 2010). Some members of this genus are opportunistic pathogens of humans and turtles (Aguirre et al., 1994;Brink et al., 1995) or causal agents of proteinaceous food spoilage (Jørgensen & Huss, 1989). Other Shewanella species may be useful in the bioremediation of halogenated organic pollutants (Petrovskis et al., 1994) or may be involved in the destructive souring of crude petroleum (Semple & Westlake, 1987) or the bacterial dissimilatory reduction of manganese, iron oxides, uranium and other compounds (Lovley & Phillips, 1988;Myers & Nealson, 1988;Kostka et al., 1996;Perry et al., 1993). During a study on the microbial diversity of seawater around the i...

A bacterial strain, UDC377 T , was isolated from seawater samples collected at Seo-do on the coast of Dokdo island in the East Sea, and was subjected to taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. Strain UDC377 T was pale-yellow, Gram-staining-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped and aerobic. The strain grew optimally at 25-28 6C, in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 7.0-7.5. Strain UDC377 T produced carotenoid pigments; however, it did not produce flexirubin-type pigments. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain UDC377 T clustered with members of the genus Lutibacter and appeared most closely related to Lutibacter agarilyticus KYW566 T (96.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) followed by L. aestuarii MA-My1 T (95.0 %), L. litoralis CL-TF09 T (94.9 %), L. maritimus S7-2 T (94.1 %) and L. flavus IMCC1507 T (94.0 %). The DNA G+C content of strain UDC377 T was 30.8 mol%. Strain UDC377 T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone, iso-C 15 : 0 3-OH, iso-C 15 : 0 and iso-C 16 : 0 3-OH as the major fatty acids, and phosphatidylethanolamine, two unknown aminolipids and six unknown lipids as the major polar lipids. Based on phenotypic properties and phylogenetic data presented, strain UDC377 T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Lutibacter, for which the name Lutibacter oricola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is UDC377 T (5DSM 24956 T 5KCTC 23668 T ).The genus Lutibacter in the family Flavobacteriaceae (Jooste, 1985) of the phylum Bacteroidetes (Garrity & Holt, 2001) was first proposed by Choi & Cho (2006) and, at the time of writing, comprises five species with validly published names. These five species, Lutibacter aestuarii (Lee et al., 2012), , 2006) and L. maritimus (Park et al., 2010), were all isolated from the western and southern coasts of the Korean peninsula. Species of the genus Lutibacter are Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped and yellowpigmented bacteria that contain menaquinone-6 (MK-6) as the major respiratory quinone and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and several unidentified lipids as the major polar lipids. During investigation of the biodiversity of marine bacteria from seawater, a novel pale-yellow bacterium was isolated. In the present study, we investigated the taxonomic position of this strain, designated UDC377 T , using a polyphasic approach that included morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characterization, as well as phylogenetic analysis.In April 2008, strain UDC377 T was isolated from a sample of seawater collected at on the coast of Dokdo island, in the East Sea. The strain was isolated on marine agar 2216 (MA; BD) (Yang et al., 2006), by means of the standard dilution plating technique and incubation at 25 u C for 7 days. The isolate was routinely incubated on MA, and preserved at 270 u C in marine broth (MB; BD) containing 15 % (v/v) glycerol. Cell morphology was investigated by light microscopy (Sw 804255; Samwon) and transmission electron microscopy (H-7100; Hitachi), using cells tha...

An orange-pigmented bacterium, designated strain 13-9-B8 T , was isolated from a seawater sample collected at Marado, Jeju Island, South Korea. The novel strain was Gram-stainingnegative, non-motile, non-gliding, rod-shaped and aerobic. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strain clustered with members of the genus Lewinella of the family Saprospiraceae in the phylum Bacteroidetes and was most closely related to the species Lewinella marina (95.6 % similarity to the type strain). Strain 13-9-B8 T grew optimally at 30 8C, pH 7.0 and with 2 % (w/v) NaCl. Strain 13-9-B8 T contained MK-7 as the predominant menquinone and summed feature 3, iso-C 15 : 0 and iso-C 17 : 0 3-OH as the major fatty acids. The polar lipids detected in strain 13-9-B8 T were phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid, one unidentified phospholipid and eight unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain 13-9-B8 T was 59.1 mol%. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data presented, strain 13-9-B8 T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Lewinella, for which the name Lewinella xylanilytica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 13-9-B8 T (5DSM 29526 T 5KCTC 32663 T). 3These authors contributed equally to this study. The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain 13-9-B8 T is KJ573521. Two supplementary figures are available with the online Supplementary Material.

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A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, aerobic bacterium, strain 13-93-B1 T , was isolated from seawater off Jeju Island, Republic of Korea, and was subjected to polyphasic taxonomic study. Cells formed ivory colonies and were ovoid to rod-shaped. The strain was catalase-positive, oxidase-negative and grew optimally at 30 8C, in the presence of 1-2 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 7.0-7.5.It did not synthesize bacteriochlorophyll a. Neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain 13-93-B1 T clustered with the type strain Donghicola eburneus SW-277 T (97.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). DNA-DNA hybridization between strain 13-93-B1 T and D. eburneus KCTC 12735 T was 33.1¡1.4 % (35.2¡2.8 % in a reciprocal experiment). The predominant cellular fatty acid was summed feature 8 (C 18 : 1 v7c/C 18 : 1 v6c; 76.9 %). The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-10 and polar lipids detected in strain 13-93-B1 T were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminolipid and unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content of strain 13-93-B1 T was 60.4 mol%. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data presented, strain 13-93-B1 T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Donghicola, for which the name Donghicola tyrosinivorans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 13-93-B1 T (5DSM 100212 T 5KCTC 42571 T ).The family Rhodobacteraceae , belonging to the order Rhodobacterales of the class Alphaproteobacteria (Garrity et al., 2005), encompasses a diverse group of genera. The Rhodobacteraceae have been established as one of the most abundant groups in diverse marine habitats Buchan et al., 2005) and, in recent times, many novel strains of the Rhodobacteraceae have been isolated from a variety of marine habitats. The genus Donghicola was created by Yoon et al. The screening of novel micro-organisms found in seawater collected off Jeju Island, Republic of Korea, has resulted in the identification of many novel micro-organisms. This study is focused on one of these isolates, designated 13-93-B1 T . Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that this novel strain belongs to the genus Donghicola and forms a robust cluster with D. eburneus SW-277 T (97.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). The aim of this study was to determine the exact taxonomic position of strain 13-93-B1 T by using a polyphasic approach that included morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characterization, as well as phylogenetic analysis.Strain 13-93-B1 T was isolated from a surface seawater sample collected in September 2013, adjacent to Seogwipo-si, on Jeju Island. The strain was isolated on halfstrength marine agar 2216 (MA; BD) (Yang et al., 2006), by means of the standard dilution plating technique and incubation at 25 8C for 1 week. An ivory-coloured colony of strain 13-93-B1 T was separated and purified. The isolate was routinely cultivated on MA, and preserved at...