Purpose: This descriptive study is aimed at understanding how clinical nurses' terminal care attitude and spiritual health affect their terminal care stress. Methods: Data were collected from self-reported questionnaire filled by 238 nurses at a general hospital in G Metropolitan City. Results: The study showed that nurses' attitudes toward terminal care, spiritual health, marital status, and clinical experience largely affect their terminal care stress. In particular, the higher they scored on terminal care attitudes, the lower they scored on terminal care stress. These variables accounted for 52.3% of the total variance. Conclusion: The study shows terminal care attitude is an important factor for terminal care stress perceived by clinical nurses. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an educational intervention program to improve nurses' terminal care attitudes and spiritual health, which in turn would lower their terminal care stress or help them effectively cope with it.

Purpose: This descriptive study was done to identify factors that influence stress related to clinical practice for nursing students. Methods: Structured questionnaires were used to collect data from 278 students from two nursing colleges located in G metropolitan city and one nursing college in C region. Results: The factors that most influenced stress for the nursing students during their clinical practice were critical thinking disposition, clinical competence, year, and gender. Especially, the result showed that higher critical thinking disposition and clinical competence correlated with lower stress in clinical practice. Conclusion: The results indicate that improving nursing students' critical thinking ability and clinical competence would help to relieve stress during clinical practice and increase the ability to cope with stress efficiently. The development of a variety of teaching and learning strategies and education in both theoretical and clinical practice education would be necessary to achieve this goal.

The purpose of this study is to look at these relationships in non-diabetic Korean adults. This study was based on data from the KNHANES V-1, which is representative of the population of Korea. A total of 5,492 participants (≥20 years in age) without type 1 or type 2 diabetes, assessed for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], fasting blood glucose and insulin, as well as anthropometric variables, were included in the analyses. The key study results were as follows: First, vitamin D status [vitamin D deficient, 25(OH)D <25 nM; vitamin D insufficient, 25(OH)D ≥25, <50 nM; vitamin D sufficient, 25(OH)D ≥50 nM] was inversely associated with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and beta cell function (HOMA-B) in model 2 (adjusted for age and gender) and 3 (further adjusted for smoking, alcohol drinking, regular exercise, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference, and body mass index). Second, in model 4, when further adjusted for total cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL-C, vitamin D status was inversely associated with HOMA-B. However, association of vitamin D status and HOMA-IR was no longer significant. In conclusion, vitamin D was inversely associated with beta cell function in non-diabetic Korean adults but was not associated with insulin resistance.

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Kidney transplant patients who underwent an EEP showed a decrease in uncertainty and an improvement in self-care ability and compliance. Thus, our findings confirmed that an EEP can be an independent intervention method for improving and maintaining the health of kidney transplant patients.