Currently, various guidelines regarding building information modelling (BIM) technology policy are being developed in different countries. However, for many companies, the costeffectiveness of BIM investment remains unclear. Some studies suggest a return on investment (ROI) as the result of cost-effective analysis calculations, which can be obtained by the introduction of BIM. However, a lack of research has led to inconsistent metrics being applied to the calculation of BIM-ROI for various types of projects. The purpose of this study is to develop a system to evaluate the performance of BIM using a K-means clustering algorithm and ROI analysis to reflect the cost-effectiveness of BIM investment. The proposed system also includes methods for determining best-case projects with high similarities from existing case projects and benchmarking their evaluation know-how, and its usability was verified through experienced BIM users.

Recently, BIM (Building Information Modeling) technique is being considered as a critical delivery condition for the public projects according to the increase of best practices by practical application of BIM. However, since existing BIM studies are focused on the design and construction phases, those results are not considering the life cycle of a construction project. Therefore, this study suggests an integrated BIM operation process that enables an application of BIM for each phase of a construction project from planning to maintenance phases and develops an integrated BIM system based on the suggested methodologies. This study developed basic BIM functions and its application process by analyzing information systems in each project phase for a bridge construction project. Besides, this study performed case study and survey analysis for construction managers to verify a practical applicability of the developed system. Therefore, it is expected that the integrated BIM system is going to be utilized as a 3D-based integrated information management system considering life cycle of construction projects.

Silver nanowire (Ag NWs) networks with high transparency and low resistivity are widely used as promising candidates for the replacement of indium tin oxide (ITO)-based transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) in light-emitting diodes (LEDs). However, LEDs with Ag NW electrodes are less efficient than those with ITO electrodes because of their low electrical properties, such as high contact resistance and strong absorption in the visible region. In this work, we tried to improve the efficiency of LEDs with transparent conducting electrodes of Ag NWs networks via localized surface plasmons (LSPs) by adopting silver nanoparticles. We studied the effect of the thickness of the p-GaN layer on surface plasmon coupling. When a 45 nm thick p-GaN layer was used, the internal quantum efficiency was improved by LSP coupling between a dipole of QW and Ag NW/NP, and the light extraction was improved because the NPs afforded a leakage mode and acted as scattering centers.

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A survey was performed to investigate the infection status of zoonotic helminth larvae in fish from a local market of North Dagon District in Yangon City, Myanmar. A total of 486 fish in 13 species were collected 8 times from December 2015 to December 2019. All fish were transported under ice to a laboratory in Korea and examined for helminth larvae using artificial digestion method. Larval gnathostomes and metacercariae of more than 8 zoonotic trematode species, i.e., <i>Opisthorchis viverrini, Haplorchis taichui, H. pumilio, H. yokogawai, Centrocestus</i> spp., <i>Stellantchasmus falcatus, Pygidiopsis cambodiensis</i>, and <i>Procerovum</i> sp., were detected. Larval gnathostomes were found in 58 (16.0%) out of 362 fish of 6 species, with mean intensity of 2.8 per fish infected. Metacercariae of <i>O. viverrini</i> were detected in 10 (2.9%) out of 349 fish of 5 species, with mean intensity of 16.9 per fish infected. Metacercarial prevalences of 4 intestinal flukes, <i>H. taichui, H. pumilio, H. yokogawai,</i> and <i>Centrocestus</i> spp., were 16.8%, 26.0%, 12.5%, and 15.0% in the positive fish species, respectively, and mean metacercarial intensity was 63.3, 26.8, 86.2, and 8.7 per fish infected. Metacercariae of <i>S. falcatus</i> and <i>P. cambodiensis</i> were detected only from the mullet, <i>Chelon macrolepis</i>. Metacercariae of <i>Procerovum</i> sp. were found in <i>Channa striata</i> and <i>Anabas testudineus</i>. Collectively, it was confirmed that the fish were infected with gnathostome larvae and metacercariae of <i>O. viverrini</i> and intestinal flukes in Yangon City, Myanmar.