Outdoor advertising has traditionally been considered one of the most important components of the mass media complex. Having an impact on all layers of society, advertising has become a kind of projection of the values that society lives by, and reflects its social and cultural level. However, the redundant use of outdoor advertising has led to the fact that in recent years the problem of the lack of aesthetics of Russian cities has become very acute. We studied and analyzed the current situation with poor-quality outdoor advertising design in modern cities to search new approaches and tools to solve the problem of unsightly cities on the example of the city of Astrakhan. The research was based on the synergetic principle of studying the object, on the method of system analysis of psychological diagnostics (observation, conversation, questionnaire), and on the analysis of the existing situation of outdoor advertising in Astrakhan. We also suggested the list of aspects and conditions important for creating interesting in design and content outdoor advertisement. Analyzing the answers to the questionnaire and basing on the study of the state of outdoor advertising in the urban environment, we formulated the conditions of normalizing the state of the urban space, meaning its quality and placement. Outdoor advertising is developing along with the improvement of information and communication technologies. A person’s contact with advertising in contemporary city is inevitable. At the same time, there are already a lot of tools available at the moment, to strengthen the impact of advertising on citizens. Therefore, it is necessary to approach the choice of a particular tool with special responsibility, so that advertising, as an integral component of an up-today city, does not damage the urban space.

The article presents an analytical review of scientific research on physical activity of overweight and obese children and adolescents. Obese children have low physical activity levels, decreased exercise tolerance, low adherence to active lifestyles. Worldwide and Russian studies showed that the effectiveness of losing weight and achieving the optimal body weight is higher when various kinds of physical exercises are included in comprehensive obesity treatment programmes. The most significant results for losing weight and increasing exercise tolerance are obtained in patients who are more highly motivated for moderate or high physical activity during 60-minute exercises not less than 3 times a week. Key words: children, adolescents, obesity, physical activity

Over last decades in the developed countries, the gain in overweight and obesity both among the adults and children’s population is noted. Obesity in children and adolescents is a predictor of cardiovascular accidents at an older age. Understanding characteristics of the body composition in children with the obesity will increase the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions in the correction of obesity and prevention of the formation of the cardiovascular risk. 181 children aged 10-17 years participated in the study executed in 2011-2015. Anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis were performed in all children. According to BMI, all children were divided into 3 groups: the overweight, obesity and control group. An analysis of the ratio of actual values of body components to the height squared showed a significant gain in all body components to be observed in the group of obese children compared to the control, but the increase in active cell mass (ACM) was significantly lower in comparison with changes in fat mass. Thus, there is a decrease in the number of metabolically active cells in obesity relative to body mass. Analysis of fluid components in examined groups of children revealed a decrease in extracellular fluid sector relative to ACM observed in obesity, which may indicate to the decreased volume of circulating blood plasma and the increase in the blood viscosity. At the same time, a significant extracellular and intracellular fluid deficiency was noted in the adipose tissue in the group with the obesity. Thus, we have not obtained data on the water retention in the development of the obesity in children and adolescents, which may be important for understanding the genesis of hypertension, often associated with the obesity. The fluid deficit occurring in obesity should be taken into account in the appointment of drinking water regime and diuretics.

Obesity is directly related to metabolic disorders, and recently, this disorder has been associated with inflammation. Over the past decades, there has been an increase in the number of obesity cases with metabolic syndrome, which belongs to the set of disorders, and includes glucose intolerance and dyslipidemia in addition to obesity. Since obesity is related to the balance of energy consumption, several new factors are currently being considered – metabolic. They are involved in the control of lipid and glucose levels and support cardiovascular homeostasis. The nerve growth factor and brain neurotrophic factor have got into the amount of these factors. The latter plays an important role in the development, regulation and survival of neurons in the hippocampus and other structures related to cognitive functions. Neurotrophic brain factor also regulates energy homeostasis of the body, food behavior, fat oxidation in skeletal muscles and a number of other functions. At present, obesity is also associated with a lower level of neurotrophic factor in the brain. However, it is still an open question whether the introduction of the exogenous factor will help prevent the impact of metabolic syndrome and the progression of obesity. Key words: metabolic syndrome, neurotrophin, neurotrophic brain factor, obesity, triact

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