Цель исследования: оценить функциональное состояние студенток спортивного отделения университета, занимающихся легкой атле тикой, на предсоревновательном этапе годового тренировочного цикла. Материалы и методы. Исследование проведено на кафедре физиче ской культуры и спорта Ярославского государственного медицинского университета. В нем приняли участие 14 студенток из секции легкой атлетики (экспериментальная группа) и 20 студенток, не занимающихся в спортивных секциях (контрольная группа). Результаты. Анализ полученных данных выявил фактически равные антропометрические показатели в экспериментальной и контрольной группах обследован ных студенток. При математической обработке результатов функциональных проб установлены статистически значимые отличия между показателями экспериментальной и контрольной групп. Индекс Гарвардского стептеста (ИГСТ) группы легкой атлетики на 21 % превысил этот показатель в группе контроля. Также у легкоатлеток установлено достоверно большее (на 23 %) время задержки дыхания на вдохе. Установлено значимо меньшее время восстановления ЧСС легкоатлеток после 20 приседаний в сравнении с нетренированными. Реакция на ортостаз у спортсменок была удовлетворительной, а у студенток из контрольной группы приблизилась к неудовлетворительной. Выводы. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о высоком уровне физической работоспособности и восстановительных процессов легкоатлеток на предсоревновательном этапе годового тренировочного цикла. Установлено лучшее функциональное состояние сердечнососудистой, ды хательной и вегетососудистой нервной систем спортсменок в сравнении с показателями студенток, не занимающихся спортом. Ключевые слова: функциональная подготовленность, легкая атлетика, студентки Конфликт интересов: авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов. Благодарность: авторы выражают благодарность президенту Федерации легкой атлетики Ярославской области Евгению Николае вичу Хрущеву за предоставленную возможность проведения исследований на базе легкоатлетического манежа и стадиона «Шинник» в г. Ярославле.
Objective: to determine a component body composition of students specializing in volleyball and athletics and to conduct a comparative analysis of the results.Materials and methods: the study was conducted at the Department of physical training and sports at the Yaroslavl State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. The study included students from different groups of physical training: volleyball (10 men and 10 women), athletics (10 women) (experimental groups), and firstyear students that attended physical training classes (14 men and 16 women) (control group).Results: significant differences were revealed between the anthropometric measurements in the experimental groups of the studied women and between the results of anthropometric measurements in the female volleyball players, female athletes, and students from the control group. Significant differences were revealed in the component body composition of the studied women from the experimental and control groups. The analysis of the results of anthropometric measurements in the experimental and control groups of men did not reveal any significant differences between the parameters. Bioimpedancemetry revealed significant differences in the composition of the internal milieu of volleyball players in comparison with the control group.Conclusions: 1. differences were revealed in the component composition of the body of female athletes involved in gamebased and cyclic kinds of sport as well as in the parameters of bioimpedance of female volleyball players and the control group. Female volleyball players had higher parameters of total body fluids, intracellular and extracellular fluids, fatfree, fat, and active cell mass in comparison with female light athletes and the control group. The differences in the obtained results were more significant in the experimental groups. 2. Bioimpendance analysis of men showed significant differences in the component body composition of volleyball players in comparison with untrained students. The parameters of total body fluids, fatfree, fat, and active cell mass in sportsmen exceeded the same parameters in the control group. 3. Differences were established in the anthropometric parameters depending on the sportoriented specialization of female students. Female volleyball players had higher values of mass, length, body weight index, and body surface area, the circumferences of the pelvis, thighs, and wrists in comparison with the results obtained in female light athletes. Similar differences were revealed in the anthropometric parameters of female volleyball players and students from the control group. Significantly lower values of the body weight index, circumference of the chest and pelvis of female athletes were registered in comparison with students from the control group. Male volleyball players did not have significant differences in the anthropometric parameters. They tended to have an increase in the body mass, length and surface area of the body, circumference of the chest, thighs, and wrists.
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