Аннотация. В данной статье рассматривается организация принципа полярности при написании идеографических знаков восточных языков Китая и Японии в процессе обучения специалистов в сфере профессиональной деятиельности. Иероглиф изучается в качестве самодостаточной и самоорганизующейся, единой и цельной энергоинформационной структуры, а именно идеограммы, через посредство связанных между собой черт, которые выступают в роли минимальных элементов восточного письменного знака как для китайского, так и для японского, и корейского языков. Несмотря на различные стили написания иероглифов: уставной, полускоропись и скоропись, наличия многообразных каллиграфических почерков и подходов мастеров каллиграфии к искусству изображения тушью и кистью на бумаге, «святые письмена» во все времена содерждали строго определённое количество черт. При этом каждая черта имела своё значение и наименование. Черты писали в соответствии с уставом, соблюдая определённый порядок написания и правила построения идеографического знака. Принято считать, что идеограммы содержат восемь базовых черт, их энергоинформационная характеристика представлена в виде таблицы. Черты, как протоэлемент идеографического знака повторяются в самых разных сочетаниях. В этой связи требуется научить специалиста практическим навыкам и умениям в особой сфере Восточной культуры-письменности японского и китайского языка, понимать искусство каллиграфии, владеть историей и теорией иероглифики, как предметом. Изучение принципа полярности требуется для решения задачи эффективного и качественного образования специалистов-востоковедов и преподавателей восточных языков.
The scientific article substantiates the introduction of the term «glyphotherapy» in order to further use it as a designation of a new method of prevention, correction and rehabilitation of the contingent, both without developmental peculiarities and with a violation of mental development of various genesis: mental retardation, autism spectrum disorders, etc., introduction into pedagogical, psychological, psychotherapeutic practice. The term «glyphotherapy» is based on the etymology of the concept’s «glyph» and «therapy», from various fields of ancient and modern historical and cultural knowledge; he is given a psychological and pedagogical justification. As a result, a new method «Glyphotherapy» was substantiated as a set of techniques that allow through the interactive use of historical, cultural and socio-psychological potential (resource) of glyphs (hieroglyphs) of Oriental languages, as an energy-informational matrix of the universe, to perform psychological and pedagogical support: prevention, correction and rehabilitation of children and adolescents using health-preserving psychological and pedagogical technologies. The basis of the new method «glyphotherapy» in the psychotherapeutic and pedagogical process consists of universal meanings, images-ideas contained in ideographic signs of written Oriental languages — Japanese and Chinese, glyphs (hieroglyphs) and their components — traits, radicals, ideograms, pictograms, which can later be used by specialists in professional activities as a health-preserving and health-enriching technology in psychological and pedagogical support for children and adolescents, including those with disabilities of various genesis.
The article examines the historical and modern interpretation of the Japanese code of "Bushido", "The Way of the warrior", as the basic principles of morality and rules of conduct of warriors in life and society since about the X century. The penetration of the foundations of "Bushido" into the broad strata of society with the advent of the Edo era (1603-1867), gave it the character of national morality and equated it with the state ideology. An assessment is given of the transformation of the principles of "Bushido" into "Heimindo", "The Way of the commoner", in the XX century, an attempt to "elevate commoners to the status of samurai", preserving the ideals of loyalty, benevolence and justice in society. The preservation of the principles of "Bushido" in the Japanese national culture in the era of globalization is substantiated.
The article is devoted to the origin, causes and degree of development of loanwords into the Japanese language from other languages throughout the history of the formation of the cultural identity of the Japanese nation. The first and most ancient loanwords are words and phrases from the ancient language of the Ainu peoples. The original Japanese language wago, a significant cultural layer of words of Chinese origin kango, foreign loanwords gairaigo and wasei gairaigo are described. Direct and indirect loanwords came from the Dutch, German, Swedish, Russian languages. The lexical layer of the most significant proportion of modern loanwords from English and American languages, which have a significant impact on the development and variability of the modern Japanese language, is considered. Examples of synonyms in the style of wago, kango and gairaigo are given. An assessment is given of the transformation of anglicisms in the means of telecommunications and Japanese mass culture in the era of globalization.
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