The concept of sport diplomacy which is an element of public diplomacy is thought to be a charming structure that surrounds states and nations in a globalized world where borders are eliminated. Although the concepts of sports and diplomacy serve different purposes, thes e two concepts continue to bring together different nations and cultures under the same roof of peace. It is commonly accepted that sports diplomacy uses sports and its branches as a tool and establishes important links among nations. The purpose of this literature is to evaluate the concepts of diplomacy, public diplomacy , and sports diplomacy and to draw a conceptual framework on sports diplomacy by using descriptive analysis. As a consequence, it can be said that, the sports and diplomacy concept are tried to be filled with various projects, sport as a diplomacy activity is a soft and rational force and nations carry out sports diplomacy activities through international sporting organizations, national brands, media and technology, sports ambassadors and lobbying in order to show each other their superiority in the sports universe to spread their cultures and be better economically.
ÖZETAraştırmada, Türkiye ve Gürcistan A Milli Boks takımlarının bazı solunum parametrelerinin karşılaştırılarak, Türkiye Boks Milli takımının geleceği açısından daha sağlıklı ve güvenilir bilgilere ulaşabilmesini sağlamak amaçlanmıştır.Araştırmaya, Türk Milli takımından yaş ortalamaları 20.81± 2.35 yıl olan 11 boksör, Gürcistan Milli takımından yaş ortalamaları 24.88 ± 3.14 yıl olan 9 boksör gönüllü olarak katılmıştır.Araştırmada, yaş, boy, vücut ağırlığı, zorlu vital kapasite, ekspirasyon ve inspirasyon parametreleri ölçülmüştür.Türkiye ve Gürcistan A Milli Boks takımlarına ait boy, vücut ağırlığı, zorlu vital kapasite, ekspirasyon ve inspirasyon parametrelerinde p>0,05 düzeyinde anlamlı farklılık bulunamazken, yaş parametresinde p<0,05 düzeyinde anlamlı farklılık bulunmuştur.Yapılan ölçümlerde deneklerin yaş, boy, vücut ağırlığı, zorlu vital kapasite, ekspirasyon ve inspirasyon parametreleri 't' testi ile karşılaştırılmıştır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Boks, Solunum Parametreleri. COMPARISON OF THE SOME RESPIRATION PARAMETRE OF A NATIONAL BOXING TEAM OF TURKEY AND GEORGIA ABSTRACTThe present study aimed to acquire more robust and reliable information on the future of National Box Team of Turkey by the means of comparisons between some respiratory parameters of National Box Teams of Georgia and Turkey.The present study included 11 boxers from National team of Turkey with mean age of 20.81± 2.35 years and 9 boxers from National Team of Georgia with mean age of 24.88 ± 3.14 years.Parameters of age, length, body weight, forced vital capacity, expirium and inspirium were determined in the present study.Whereas no significant differences were found between National Teams of Turkey and Georgia in length, body weight, forced vital capacity, expirium and inspirium at significance level of p > 0.05, a significant difference was found between boxers of both teams in age at the significance level of p < 0.05.For the measurements, parameters of age, length, body weight, forced vital capacity, expirium and inspirium of the subjects were compared with "t" test.
Bu araştırma ile spora yönelik tutumunun, sosyal güvende hissetme ve memnuniyet üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma grubunu taekwondo (161 sporcu), kickboks (18) ve judo (100) branşlarında (n= 118 kadın, n=161 erkek) 279 aktif lisanslı sporcu oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma için etik kurul onayı alınmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin toplanmasında spora yönelik tutum ölçeği, sosyal güvende hissetme ve memnuniyet ölçeği ile kişisel bilgi formu kullanılmıştır. Betimleyici istatistiğin yanı sıra, ilişkisel model kapsamında korelâsyon ve regresyon analizlerine yer verilmiştir. Araştırmanın korelâsyon analizi bulgularına göre; spora ilgi duyma ile sosyal güvende hissetme ve memnuniyet arasında orta düzeyli (r=.471) ve pozitif, sporla yaşama ile sosyal güvende hissetme ve memnuniyet arasında orta düzeyli (r=.407) ve pozitif, aktif spor yapma ile sosyal güvende hissetme ve memnuniyet arasında orta düzeyli (r=.410) ve pozitif bir korelasyon olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Regresyon analizi bulgularına göre ise spora ilgi duymanın (β=.303), sporla yaşamanın (β=.144) ve aktif spor yapmanın (β=.163) sosyal güvende hissetme ve memnuniyet üzerinde pozitif bir etkisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak: Taekwondo, kickboks ve judo sporlarına yönelik tutum arttıkça (spora ilgi duyma, sporla yaşama, aktif spor yapma) sosyal güvende hissetme ve memnuniyet düzeyinin de artacağı söylenebilir. Özellikle yeni yetişen nesil başta olmak üzere, bireylerin sosyal güvende hissetme ve memnuniyetlerini arttırmak için sportif faaliyetlere yönlendirilmeleri önerilebilir.
This scientific study was done in order to evaluate the leisure time management ability and the related attitudes of disabled athletes. The average age is 25,06 ± 8,68, from the branches of athleticism, bocce, football, golfball, table tennis, chess, Wheel chair basketball, tennis, volleyball, and swimming in Osmaniye totally fifty disabled athletes four of them are physically handicapped, fourteen of them are partially-sighted, thirteen of them are hearing impaired, and nineteen of them are mentally disabled participated in this study voluntarily. In order to collect data in this study, a two phased survey was made with the help of the trainers and the companions of the athletes. The first phase of the survey comprises of the questions predicting the demographic features of the athletes (age, gender, sporting year, education of family and self etc.). In the second phase of the survey the leisure time management scale developped by those namely Wang, Kao, Huan, and Wu (2011) was used. The scale's adaptation to Turkish and validity -reliability checks were made by Akgül and Karaküçük (2015). The homogeneity and the analysis of the variance of the data were tested by way of descriptive statistics and for the binary comparisons Mann-Whitney U test, for the multiple comparisons Kruskal Wallis-H test and for the detection of difference source Tamhane'sT2 test were used. In conclusion, It can be stated that the studies related to the leisure time management ability and the related attitudes of disabled athletes are rather limited in the literature and male and female athletes differentiate from each other in a meaningful way and generally the disabled athletes become significantly different in the aspects of category, educational level, parental educational level, and their sporting history and as the level of educational and the sportive experience increase, the leisure time management becomes better
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