Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to determine patient expectation and perception of pharmaceutical care services in order to measure the level of patient satisfaction provided by Indonesia's health coverage (IHC) system. Design/methodology/approach-A patient satisfaction survey was conducted at primary-level and secondary-level health facilities operating under IHC system. The assessment was performed using a closed-ended questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. The patients' point of view was evaluated based on their expectation and perception of six dimensions of the pharmaceutical care services they had received. Patient satisfaction was calculated based on the gap between their expectation and their perception. Findings-A total of 602 patients participated in this research. The levels of the patients' expectation of the pharmaceutical care services provided at primary-level health facilities range from high (3.39) to very high (3.54), whereas at secondary-level health facilities, the range was from low (2.04) to very high (3.75). This indicates that patients have a higher expectation of the provided pharmaceutical care services compared to the actual experience of the healthcare services that they received, resulting in a low value in the measurement of patient satisfaction levels. Originality/value-The high level of patient expectation is an opportunity for pharmacists at both primary-level and secondary-level health facilities to continue developing pharmaceutical care services. Improving drug information service, patient counseling and reducing patient waiting time can be good ways to increase patient satisfaction within pharmaceutical care services.

The TLC profiles of intra- and inter-day precision for Piper betle L. (PBL) folium methanol extract was studied for their peak marker recognition and identification. The Numerical chromatographic parameters (NCPs) of the peak markers, the hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) and the principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to authenticate the PBL. folium extract from other Piper species folium extract and to ensure the antifungal activity quality of the PBL essential oil. The spotted extract was developed with the mobile phase of toluene: ethyl acetate; 93:7, (v/v). The eluted plate was viewed with the TLC-Visualizer, scanned under absorption and fluorescent mode detection, and on each sample the in-situ UV spectra were recorded between 190 to 400 nm.The NCPs profiles of intra- and inter-day precision results offered multi-dimensional chromatogram fingerprints for better marker peak pattern recognition and identification. Using the r-value fingerprints data series generated with this method allowed more precise discrimination the PBL. from other Piper species compared to the marker peak area fingerprint method. The cosine pair comparison was a simple method for authentication of two different fingerprints. The ward linkage clustering and the pair cross-correlation comparison were better chemometric methods to determine the consistency peak area ratio between fingerprints. The first component PCA-loading values of peak marker area fingerprints were correlated linearly to both the bio-marker concentration as well as the antifungal activity. This relationship could be used to control the quality and pharmacological potency. This simple method was developed for the authentication and quantification of herbal medicine.

Balm is a thick oil containing resin oil and essential oils, feels hot. Balm is applied by rubbing and rubbing on the skin. The balm has the benefit of reducing muscle aches, which are caused by the burning sensation of the balm. Essential oils can cause a refreshing and soothing sensation after the use it. This balm can calm consumers who experience muscle pain. The aim of this study is to find out the best formula preferred by consumers aged 20 to 60 years. The method of this study is a qualitative analysis, based on the answers of questionnaires by respondent. Four balm formula was tested, namely Balm no 1, Balm no 2, Balm no 3, Balm no 4. The parameter assessed is aroma, texture, color and warm sensation. The results show that the description of male consumers (54.5%), women (45.5%), ages 20-30 years (45.5%), ages 31-40 years (27.3%), ages 41-50 years (18.2%), aged 51 years and over (9%). The results showed that most respondent liked Balm No. 4, both in terms of aroma, texture, color and warm sensation. It is expected that this warm feeling will be able to reduce the aches in the muscles of respondent.

Latar belakang: Survey kepuasan pasien adalah salah satu metode evaluasi yang dapat digunakan untuk menilai kualitas pelayanan farmasi klinik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan kuisioner penelitian dalam Bahasa Indonesia untuk mengukur kepuasan pasien terhadap pelayanan kefarmasian pada fasilitas kesehatan tingkat pertama dan tingkat lanjut terutama mengenai pelayanan farmasi klinik. Metode: Pernyataan – pernyataan dalam kuisioner disusun berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku di Indonesia mengenai standar pelayanan kefarmasian di pusat kesehatan masyarakat (Puskesmas), apotek dan rumah sakit. Pernyataan dalam kuisioner dibagi menjadi lima kategori kualitas pelayanan yaitu keandalan, responsif, sarana, jaminan, dan empati. Kuisioner kemudian diuji kepada 90 orang responden (masing – masing 30 orang untuk setiap kelompok kriteria) untuk menilai validitas dan reliabilitas instrument kuisioner. Hasil: Terdapat 39 pernyataan untuk kuisioner pelayanan kefarmasian di Puskesmas, 41 pernyataan untuk kuisioner pelayanan farmasi klinik di apotek maupun di rumah sakit. Uji validitas menggunakan korelasi momen produk yang menghasilkan nilai r untuk masing – masing pernyataan > 0,361 (valid). Tes reliabilitas dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji Cronbach Alpha. Hasil uji Cronbach Alpha > 0,6 (reliabel) untuk masing – masing item kuisioner. Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan uji validitas dan reliabilitas menunjukkan kuisioner kepuasaan pasien terhadap pelayanan farmasi klinik yang disusun valid dan reliabel.

The quality control of herbal medicine should be started from the determination of the active substance at harvest time. The Raman spectrometry has been used for this propose. The aim of this study is to determine the quantification of curcumin in turmeric rhizome (Curcuma longa Linn.) using Raman spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis of PLSR that are expected to provide reference method for quality control in turmeric rhizome, especially for raw materials of Herbal drugs. Parameters that can be used for analysis of curcumin levels on turmeric rhizome obtained using intensity Raman signal and the data obtained from the standard method will be processed with multivariate analysis methods PLSR. The validation value of quantification result using Raman-PLSR is seen from R 2 value of 0.957, RMSEC value of 0.199 and p-value of 0.00. The study showed the developed method could be implemented on to determine the prediction quantification of raw material herbal medicine.