English plays an important role for workers in the tourism sector of all classes, including wholesalers, massage therapists, parking attendants, and shop assistants. Preliminary observations show that they, in general, use Balinese dialect of English or Balish. This article describes the Balish used in tourism area of Kuta, Bali, by tourism workers who have naturalized the English language by adopting several language features, especially Balinese and Indonesian, such as sentence structures, words, and expressions. The data were analyzed using The New Englishes theory and the results showed that the use of Balinese and Indonesian words in English resulted in the creation of new words, grammatical shifts, changes in word meanings, use of idioms, use of groups of verbs, and repetition of forms. Balish has adopted several grammatical features, both from Balinese and Indonesian, and it is hoped that one day it will have regular speakers so that it becomes a pidgin.

This paper demonstrates the use of R for a unified data science in corpus linguistics via a series of corpus-based analyses on Indonesian Negating Construction. The data is based on c17-million word-tokens of an online-news corpus, a part of the Indonesian Leipzig Corpora. We identified that tidak is the most frequent form in our corpus. Next, we found that tak has significantly higher type frequency for negated-predicates with [ter-X-kan] schema compared to tidak; this finding provides a quantitative nuance against a description in an Indonesian reference grammar, stating that (i) in present-day Indonesian tidak is also common to negate ter- related predicates, while (ii) the compulsoriness of tak to negate ter- predicates is a past usage. Lastly, we refine our second finding by applying Distinctive Collexeme Analysis to determine that tak strongly attracts specific verbs predominantly in the [ter-X-kan] schema compared to tidak; this finding offers a deeper characterisation for tidak and tak.

Ubud Village in Gianyar Regency is one of the tourism areas in Bali where Balinese people are bilingual because they have mastered more than one languages. In the environment of Balinese language, there also live other languages including national language (Indonesian) and foreign languages (such as English, Japanese, and Mandarin). Balinese people nowadays, especially in tourism area, have difficulties in using Balinese language so they use mixed languages, namely Balinese language with Indonesian language, with English language, or Mandarin. This phenomenon might indicate that Balinese language appears to be marginalized. This article aims at investigating languages that are used in Balinese language environment in Ubud. Qualitative method is applied with sociocultural approach, and theories related to the use of language are applied. The study shows that the marginalization of Balinese language appears to exist because there are various ethnic groups of immigrants who live in this village. The village of Ubud has already been occupied by expatriates who deliberately come to Bali and settle in Ubud. This effects the choice and use of a language.

This study aims to describe the types of utterances of directives illocutionary act and the illocutionary forces of the characters’ utterances in “The Desperate Hour” movie. The form of data being taken is the characters’ utterances containing directive illocutionary acts. They were analyzed using the theory of speech acts proposed by Searle. It applies the descriptive qualitative method with the note-taking technique. The findings show that the interrogative and imperative types of utterances indicating directive illocutionary acts are applied in the movie. Whereas, the declarative utterances were not applied. The directives illocutionary acts show seven illocutionary forces, they are asking, commanding, inviting, begging, suggesting, requesting, and interrogating.

This article is entitled “Verbal and Visual Signs of Advertisement in National Geographic Traveller Magazine”.  The aims are to describe the meaning and function of verbal and visual signs and how their interrelations are. The source of the National Geographic Traveller Magazine from which the three advertisements are selected, these selections are due to advertisements present good combination of colors, pictures and word choices than another advertisement which also consist of verbal and visual signs. The research is done through library research with documentation method and observation technique was applied to collect the data, the qualitative method was used to analyze the data based on the theory of meaning and function by Leech, theory of signs by Chandler, and use of color by Cerrato. The result of the analysis shows that the advertiser tends to use conceptual meaning and informational function to deliver or give information to the readers about the product itself. The verbal and visual signs are related to one another, verbal sign as the part that describes what is meant by visual sign and the visual sign as the part that illustrates what is meant by the verbal sign. So, what is shown in the visual sign is appropriate with what is written in the verbal sign and vice versa.