The article presents the results of studying the formation of yield and grain quality (protein content, its output with yield, gluten content) of maturing stages of soft winter wheat with different fertilizer systems in crop rotation. It was found that on average for two years of studying the cultivation of KVS Emil, grain yield increased from 4.50 to 5.83 t/ha or 1.3 times during the application of N75 and up to 6.96 t/ha, or 1,5 times in the variant of the experiment with long-term application of 150 kg ai/ha of nitrogen fertilizers. The application of N75P30K40 increased it up to 6.43 t/ha or 1.4 times, and the application of complete fertilizer (N150P60K80) increased it up to 7.73 t/ha, or 1.7 times. Variants with incomplete return to the soil, removed with crops of phosphorus and potassium provided the formation of 1–3 % lower yield compared to complete fertilizer. The use of complete fertilizer in crop rotation contributed to the growth of the stability index of grain yield formation compared to the options without fertilizers, the application of P60K80 and the use of only nitrogen fertilizers. The yield of Rino soft wheat was signifcantly lower than that of KVS Emil. In addition, the efciency of fertilizer application was lower. Thus, on average for two years of research on unfertilized areas, it was 3.77 t/ha. The variant of the experiment with the use of the maximum dose of mineral fertilizers both in the crop rotation and in winter wheat contributed to an increase in yield by 1.5 times, and during the application of half of this dose – by 1.2 times in comparison with the control. The use of N75 increased the protein content in the KVS Emil grain up to 12.3 % or 5 %, and the application of N150 increased it up to 13.3 %, or 14 % compared to the option without fertilizers (11.7 %). The use of complete fertilizer provided an increase of this indicator by 8 % (N75P30K40) and by 17 % (N150P60K80). The protein content of Rino soft winter wheat was 20–23 % higher than that of KVS Emil. The application of 75 kg ai/ha of nitrogen fertilizers increased its content up to 15.4 % or 7 %, and the application of 150 kg ai/ha of nitrogen increased the protein content up to 15.9 % or 10 % compared to the option without fertilizers. The use of nitrogen fertilizers with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers increased the protein content by 0.2–0.5 % compared to the application of nitrogen fertilizers only. The stability index of protein content formation was high for growing both varieties – 1.02–1.06. In the agrotechnology of soft winter wheat, it is necessary to apply 75–150 kg ai/ha of nitrogen fertilizers against the background of P30K40. This fertilizer system provides the 13.2–13.8 % protein content in the KVS Emil grain, the gluten content – 28.5–30.6 %, the protein collection at the level of 965–1055 kg/ha. For the Rino variety, respectively, 15.5–16.3 %, 34.5–35.8 % and 810–880 kg/ha. Key words: soft winter wheat, variety, fertilizer systems, yield, protein content, gluten content.

The article presents the study results of the formation of growth and development indicators (growing season length of plants, plant height, density dynamics, ear parameters and grain yield) of domestic varieties of durum winter wheat. It is analyzed that the level of the signs manifestation varies signifcantly depending on the weather conditions of the growing season. However, the growing season duration hardly depend on weather conditions and is 268–269 days. In the full ripeness stage, the height of plants increased 1.4–1.8 times in comparison with earing with insignifcant variation (V=1–5 %) depending on the variety. The lowest plants were Athena, Continent and Laguna – 71–76 cm. Uneven precipitation distribution and high air temperature in 2013 contributed to the formation of fewer stems of durum winter wheat plants compared to more favourable 2014. In the full ripeness stage of durum winter wheat grain in 2013, the coefcient of total tillering was 1.01–1.26 depending on the variety. In 2014, the stem density was the highest. In the full ripeness stage of grain, the number of stems ranged from 650 to 812 pcs/m2 depending on the variety with a total tillering rate of 1.54–1.91. It should be noted that Athena and Linkor varieties retained a higher ability to tillering and stem survival in different weather conditions. The ear length of winter durum wheat varied from 5.9 to 6.7 cm depending on the variety with slight and small variation (V=3–16 %). The number of spikelets in the ear was from 16 to 20 pcs with a small variation coefcient. The ear length of durum winter wheat varied most. Thus, of the nine varieties, the variation coefcient of this indicator in six varieties was average, and in the rest of them - small. However, there was no signifcant difference between the varieties. The highest yields were formed by Argonaut, Gardemaryn and Linkor varieties – 6.00–6.31 t/ha or 13–19 % more than the standard. Grain yield varied signifcantly depending on the weather conditions of the growing season, which is also evidenced by the stability index and was below 1 (0.48–0.64). Less favourable weather conditions in 2013 provided the yield of 3.74–4.63 t/ha depending on the variety. More favourable weather conditions in 2014 provided the grain yield of 5.46–8.25 t/ha depending on durum winter wheat variety. It is obvious that the positive effect of weather conditions in 2014 on tillering and stem survival of winter durum wheat determined the formation of higher grain yield. Key words: durum winter wheat, variety, growth and development indicators, yield.

Для високотемпературного екструдування придатні всі досліджувані форми пшениці спельти. Екструдат із лущеного зерна пшениці спельти характеризується світло-кремовим кольором, а з лінії TV 1100-з жовтим відтінком, запах і смак-сильно виражений, консистенція під час розжовування-дуже ніжна, добре розжовується, без хрусту. Виявлено, що на коефіцієнт розварювання круп'яних продуктів найбільше впливав вміст білка в зерні пшениці спельти. Між цими показниками для крупи цілої, подрібненої та манної встановлено прямий високий кореляційний зв'язок-r = 0,87±0,003-0,89±0,01, для плющеної крупи та екструдату з лущеного зерна-дуже високий зв'язок (r = 0,91±0,006-0,94±0,009). Проте найбільший він був для екструдату з нелущеного зерна-r = 0,96±0,003.

Infestation of soft spring wheat plants depends on the growth stage and weather conditions of the growing season. Plants have the highest resistance to brown rust in the tillering stage. Brown rust developed in 2014 throughout the growing season. The lowest infestation intensity was during tillering – booting stage, which did not change from the experiment variant – 5.0 %. The lowest spread of brown rust was in the tillering stage – 10 %, in the booting stage – 40 %. The resistance was assessed 8 points. In the earing stage, the infestation intensity increased in no fertilizer variants and P30K30 to 8.0–8.2 % or by 60 % with a resistance of 7 points. This indicator in the variants with nitrogen fertilizers was 4.1–4.3 % with a resistance of 8 points, but all stems were infected (100 % spread). Affected leaves were in the middle layer, as their resistance by E. E. Saari and J. M. Prescott scale was at 5 points. Plants had the least resistance to brown rust in the milk stage of soft spring wheat grain. The intensity increased to 15.2–18.7 % or 2.1–4.7 times compared to the earing stage. The lowest resistance was assessed 6 points. All leaves were affected (resistance by E. E. Saari and J. M. Prescott scale – 1 point). In 2015, brown rust appeared in the milk stage of soft spring wheat grain. However, the infestation intensity was insignifcant – 5.0–6.5 % depending on the experiment variant. The prevalence of brown rust decreased from 60 % in unfertilized areas to 30 % on phosphorus–potassium background and up to 10 % with nitrogen fertilizers. Plant resistance was high – 7–8 points depending on the experiment variant. Powdery mildew develops throughout the growing season of both research years. In 2014, the infestation intensity is the lowest in the tillering stage – 7.7–8.0 % with 50 % spread, with the resistance of 7 points. In the booting stage of plants, the infestation intensity increased to 44.1–46.8 % or 5.8–5.9 times compared to the tillering stage. All plants were affected, and the resistance was 3 points. In subsequent stages of growth, the intensity of powdery mildew increased. Thus, in the earing stage this indicator increased to 65.1–69.2 % or 8.5–8.7 times, and in the milk stage – 9.5–9.7 times compared to tillering depending on the fertilizer. The stems of soft spring wheat were all affected, and the resistance was 2 points. Key words: brown leaf rust, powdery mildew, infestation intensity, spread, resistance.