No abstract

Biodiesel produced from by-products and waste materials can be an economical way for reducing the traditional oil consumption and environmental problems. The by-products from the refining vegetable oil industry such as soapstock, acid oil and fatty acid distillates are suitable for producing biodiesel. The present work is an approach to the use of these by-products to obtain biodiesel covering the traditional and most widely used acid/base catalysis. The advantages and drawbacks of the different methods are mentioned and analysed. The synthesis and use of by-products from the vegetable oil refining industry are covered in this work.

Emulsified residual oleins and standard diesel fuel were evaluated. The engine tests for the fuels analyzed were performed in a Petter single cylinder direct injection diesel engine under steady state conditions at fixed torque values (20 Nm and 34 Nm) and the engine speeds (n) between 1300-1700 rpm. Power output, specific fuel consumption, ignition delay and exhaust composition were evaluated. The emulsified residual oleins (ERO) shown lower power output joint to a higher specific fuel consumption related to the lower heating value of residual oleins compared to diesel fuel. A shorter ignition delay was observed for the ERO. Decreases in NOx emission were obtained for ERO compared to diesel fuel. The use of ERO in order to be a partial or full alternative to the use of diesel fuel for energy production was achieved.