The article considers the results of the research “The state of development STEM-education in Ukraine”, which was conducted by the Department of STEM-education of Institute of education content modernization. The study was conducted by questionnaire. The toolkit is Google Forms, for all groups of respondents: regional coordinators, methodologists of city/district methodological centers, heads of secondary education institutions, teachers of subjects: computer science, mathematics, physics, biology, chemistry, technology. The number of respondents is 2,988. The questionnaires contained different types and content of questions, the analysis of the answers to which allows us to draw conclusions about the state of development of STEM education in Ukraine. The process of developing the field of STEM-education is in the following main areas: creating a legal framework, methodological and scientific-methodological basis, conducting research on the content and results of the process, acquainting teachers with the best examples of foreign and domestic innovation experience, training, support and support STEMteachers, etc. Research of the content, processes and results of STEM-education provides prompt receipt of information that reflects the changing pedagogical reality, helps to introduce innovation into the practice of the educational process, allows to draw conclusions and adjust educational activities at a certain stage. Thanks to the generalized results of research we have the opportunity to draw conclusions, make recommendations, and sometimes improve the theoretical foundations of the field of STEM education.
The article attempts to define the concepts: “STEM-project” and “project with elements of STEM”. It is proposed to interpret the concept of “project with elements of STEM” as a set of practical forms and methods that effectively form the key competencies needed by each person for successful life, personality development, motivation to learn, creative thinking, research skills, ability to self-study through implementation competence approach during the implementation of STEM-projects. The necessity of implementation of project-research activity with STEM elements is substantiated not only at mastering of subjects of a natural-mathematical cycle, but also at mastering of all school courses that is quite real considering high level of integration of knowledge and skills of pupils in modern conditions. The introduction of STEM-projects in educational institutions determines the self-determination of young people, the effective solution of problems and tasks of career guidance work. The project activity is one of the most promising components of the educational process, which creates conditions for creative self-development and self-realization of students, forms all the necessary life competencies: multicultural, speech, information, political and social. The independent search for knowledge, their systematization, the ability to navigate in the information space, see the problem and make decisions is through the method of projects — effective learning technology. The relevance of the article is due to the need to expand the scientific and conceptual apparatus of STEM-education, providing practical advice on the implementation of forms, methods and techniques of STEM training in the general educational process.
Донецкий национальный медицинский университет им. М.Горького, кафедра общей хирургии №1, г. Донецк (заведующий кафедрой -д.м.н., профессор А.В. Борота) ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ. Целью исследования явилась разработка способа мукозэктомии культи прямой кишки, снижающего риск возникновения резидуального колита и динамическое морфологическое исследование ткани культи прямой кишки от момента её мукозэктомии в течение 1,5 -2 лет. МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. После стандартной колпроктэктомии и формирования илеального резервуара культя прямой кишки выворачивается наружу слизистой оболочкой, выполняется поэтапная высокочастотная электротермическая мукозэктомия. Формируется механический циркулярный илео-поуч-ректальный анастомоз и протективная илеостома. Такой способ мукозэктомии культи прямой кишки выполнен 13 пациентам. С целью динамического наблюдения за состоянием культи прямой кишки всем пациентам проводили биопсию культи прямой кишки с последующим морфологическим исследованием. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ. За время динамического наблюдения клинических явлений культита у пациентов не возникало. ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Предложенный новый вариант хирургического лечения язвенного колита, заключающийся в колпроктэктомии с формированием J-образного илеального резервуара, илео-поуч-ректального анастомоза, высокочастотной электротермической мукозэктомией культи прямой кишки и анального канала и протективной илеостомией, позволяет полностью удалить слизистую оболочку культи прямой кишки, что исключает риск возникновения культита, как проявлений резидуального ЯК, как в ближайшем, так и в отдаленном послеоперационном периоде. Функциональные результаты при этом не ухудшаются.[Ключевые слова: язвенный колит, высокочастотная электротермическая мукозэктомия культи прямой кишки, биопсия]
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