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Graphical abstract

The current study was performed to synthesize stable, eco-friendly and bio-compatible silver nano-particles (AgNPs) of , and leaves and to screen them for biological activities. The ultraviolet-visible spectroscopic analysis revealed that λ-max for AgNPs range from 350-500 nm. All AgNPs possessed polycrystalline structure as notified as intense graphical peaks in complete spectrum of 20 values ranging from 10-80° in X-ray diffraction measurements and supported by scanning electron microscopy data. The size of the nano-particles was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (30-150 nm). Mass loss at variable temperatures was evaluated by simultaneous thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis revealed reduction in mass and activity of compounds was notified by temperature increase from 200 to 800 °C, thus concluding it as thermally sensitive compounds. AgNPs showed significant (96%) activity against , (95%) and (89%). Good antioxidant activity was shown by AgNPs at 300 µl (79%). AgNPs showed significant phytotoxic activity (88%) at highest concentration. No haemagglutination reaction was observed for the test samples. The above results revealed that AgNPs synthesized from selected plant species possesses significant antimicrobial and phytotoxic effect.

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The current study aims to assess the aqueous extract of Pinus wallichiana stem for the synthesis of small spherical-shaped (10-30 nm) silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and their in-vitro and in-vivo biomedical applications. The biosynthesized AgNPs were nonmutagenic and safe at all test doses as per Ames and acute toxicity assay (20, 40, 60, and 80 mg/kg). The percent writhing inhibitory effect generated by AgNPs was 42.51, 50.84, and 59.06 at test doses of 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg, respectively. The percent decreased in gastrointestinal tract motility observed was 41.34%, 32.69%, and 28.48% at 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg, respectively. They also showed a significant antipyretic effect after 1, 2, and 3 h in comparison to normal saline. The AgNPs of P. wallichiana showed good antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter baumannii (60% with MIC 50 = 2.36 mg/ ml and MBC = 5.0 mg/ml). These nanoparticles also possessed good antioxidant activity of 61.77 ± 0.828% and 70.25 ± 0.56% at 400 and 500 µg/ml, respectively and lack phytoagglutinin potential. Because of their high potency as biomedical agents, these nanoparticles can be a good alternative to the currently available drugs and approaches.