Stunting is a global health problem. Based on WHO data, there are 161 million children who experience stunting. Breastmilk supplementation in the form of Moringa oleifera leaves powder is known to be beneficial in suppressing the stunting incidence. Moringa oleifera leaves powder contains protein, micronutrients, and minerals such as calcium, iron, sodium, vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and antioxidants (flavonoid acids, phenolic acids, glucosinolates, isothiocyanates, and saponins). The use of Moringa oleifera leaves powder in stunting cases has been carried out, but further studies in the aspects of nutrigenomics and molecular biology have not been conducted. This study is a literature review of relevant articles from www.pubmed.com, www.sciencedirect.com, and scholar.google.com. The author used keywords "stunting", "nutrigenomics", "biomolecular", and "Moringa oleifera". Pathogenic microbe such as Shigella and pathogenic E. coli ingestion can cause changes in DNA sequences in the stunting pathogenesis. Moringa oleifera leave powder can pass through nutrigenomic and biomolecular mechanisms. Some macro and micromolecules of Moringa oleifera leaves powder such as folate plays a role in DNA methylation; vegetable protein and fatty acids act as promoters in DNA sequences; vitamins act as cofactors for enzymes, antioxidant, and antiinflammation. Seeing various potential mechanisms in the aspects of nutrigenomic and molecular biology, Moringa oleifera leaves powder can be used in overcoming stunting. Further research is needed to give more review about cytokines and molecules included in this literature review.
Clean and healthy living behavior (PHBS) is an important strategy to improve health status because many diseases can be prevented if people adopt healthy living behaviors. School children are an age group that is vulnerable to experiencing health problems because some of their time is spent outside the home environment and outside the supervision of their parents. When children are in the school environment, they can experience disease transmission from their peers, from the school environment or they may consume foods that do not meet health requirements. School children are also an easy age group to be given knowledge about PHBS to form healthy behavior. Demulih Elementary School 2 is located in a densely populated environment and there is no canteen that meets health requirements. Because of this, it is very appropriate to provide knowledge about PHBS through an interesting lecture method using images and video media followed by questions and answers. The implementation of the counseling went well, school children were very enthusiastic when listening to the presentation and were very active during discussions. School children seem to have understood the PHBS concept and already understand how to implement it.
Worm infection, especially caused by the Taenia solium tapeworm (taeniasis), is still found in Indonesia until today. The largest prevalence of taeniasis in Bali Province is located in Karangasem Regency. Taeniasis can occur if residents consume pork infected with Taenia solium, one of which is Balinese food namely red lawar. Karangasem residents who are still strong with the tradition of eating red lawar have a high risk of experiencing taeniasis if the process of making red lawar is not done properly. The education program for the residents is designed to prevent worm infection due to improper making process. The method applied is to provide insight into health science about taeniasis and how to make worm-free red lawar. The results showed that the program attracts residents’ attention, is able to be followed, and can be understood by the residents. This program has also been recommended to the village head to become a new habit in the making of red lawar.
Keywords: Worm infection, Education, Red lawar, Residents, Taeniasis.
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