Objectives : The purpose of this study is to analyze the environmental assessment through the LCA(Life Cycle Assessment) method targeting the bottled water products with the largest distribution proportion in the domestic beverage product in South Korea. In other words, by quantitatively evaluating greenhouse gas emissions and major environmental indicators during the entire life cycle of bottled water products, it is intended to be helpful in product environmental improvement measures by deriving applicable alternatives.Methods : Assessment method of the greenhouse gas emissions and major environmental indicators followed “Guidelines for Environmental Product Declaration of Products” in South Korea. In this study, Carbon footprint and other major environmental indicators(Resource footprint, Ozone depletion, Acidification, Eutrophication, Photochemical smog, Water footprint) of bottled water product were calculated. The life cycle assessment for bottled water products was considered for the Pre-manufacturing, Manufacturing, Distribution and End of life, and Use stage was excluded.Results and Discussion : As a result of analyzing Carbon footprint and other major environmental indicators, Carbon footprint of 500 ml of bottled water is 8.28E-02 kg CO₂ -eq./unit, Resource footprint(RF) is 2.34E-03 kg Sb-eq./unit, ozone depletion(OD) is 3.25E-05 kg CFC-11-eq./unit, Acidification(AF) is 3.81E-04 kg SO₂-eq/unit eutrophication(EP) is 6.64E-05 kg PO₄³-eq./unit, photochemical smog(PS) is 6.85E-04 kg C₂H₄-eq./unit, Water footprint(WF) was evaluated as 1.19E-03 m³ H₂O-eq./unit.Conclusion : It was identified that the PET bottle manufacturing process occupies the highest environmental impact in RF, CF, AF, EP and PS. The transportation of bottled water products is the highest at 97.1% in OD, which is attributed to refrigerants such as CFC-114, which are used for cooling while driving vehicles. Based on the research results, in order to improve the eco-friendliness of bottled water, it is necessary to reduce the use of PET bottle resin and increase the use of recycled PET(r-PET) as an alternative technology. It is necessary to expand the introduction of eco-friendly vehicles for product transportation and to improve packaging technology.

Objectives : Recently, the Fourth Industrial Revolution has been actively discussed in all fields around the world. And the related R&D(Research and Development) has been widely conducted in the environmental field. The core of the Fourth Industrial Revolution is hyperconnectivity, superintelligence, and convergence. Major technologies related with it are AI(Artificial Intelligence), IoT(Internet of Things), 5G(Fifth Generation communication technology), robots, blockchain, drones, 3D(Three Dimension) printers, big data, unmanned transportation, biotechnology, new materials, sharing economy, and VR/AR(Virtual Reality/Augmented Reality), etc. It is intended to seek development plans through the examples of the 4th industrial revolution technology’s environmental application.Methods : In concentration of the public technology development project, based on environmental policy, conducted from 2011 to 2020, some cases of the 4th industrial revolution technology’s environmental application have been analyzed and the future prospects have been derived.Results and Discussion : The 4th Industrial Revolution technology has been applied in various fields such as design, operation, maintenance, investigation, monitoring, and service provision in the environmental field. Therefore, in the future, it is expected that there will be working environment improvement, the progress of service quality and operational efficiency.Conclusion : With the transition to smart environmental technology, it is expected that it will be possible to advance the industry and create high value-added things. To do so, government policy support and technology development should be continuously executed.

Wastewater treatment plants face the challenge of controlling disinfection by-products, such as carcinogenic trihalomethanes, which are formed when disinfectants react with organic compounds and humic substances in water sources. To ensure the prevention of water pollution, effective control measures must be implemented to mitigate the release of these harmful by-products into water bodies. This study focused on the application of an electrooxidation-adsorption hybrid process for the treatment of chlorate, a prevalent disinfection by-product found in sewage plant effluent. The investigation aimed to evaluate the impact of various parameters including current density, empty bed contact time (EBCT), granular activated carbon (GAC) injection amount, electrode installation spacing, and pH on the treatment efficiency. Optimal operating conditions were determined, including a current density of 75 A/m2 , an EBCT of 5 minutes, a GAC injection amount of 2.0 w/v (%), an electrode installation spacing of 2 cm, and a pH of 2. These conditions demonstrated effective removal of disinfection by-products, even in the presence of coexisting pollutants. The findings highlight the viability of the electrooxidation-adsorption process as a promising approach for the treatment of disinfection by-products in sewage treatment plant effluent. This research contributes to the development of efficient strategies for mitigating the environmental impact of wastewater treatment processes and ensuring the protection of public water resources.

Objectives : By eliminating fluorine and other ions through precipitation of fluoride and UF, RO membrane filtration using the hydrofluoric acid wastewater generated from the semiconductor production processes, this study aimed to investigate the possibility of the reuse of the reclaimed wastewater for the processes.Methods : For the experiment, firstly, the 2-stage precipitation of fluoride was done using Ca(OH)₂ and PAC and it aimed to judge whether the water quality standards for reuse by each market were satisfied by eliminating colloidal particles and then other metal ions through the UF and RO membrane filtration.Results and Discussion : About 93 % of F- was removed through the 1st and 2nd precipitation. It can be also removed ammonium, phosphate ions, through the UF membrane filtration, about 95 % of particulate matter was removed and finally, the water quality for reuse was satisfied through RO filtration.Conclusion : This study found that the fluorine wastewater generated from the semiconductor production processes can be reused by precipitation and filtration methods without going through the existing complicated treatment methods. In the future, through such treatment procedures, it is expected to be able to secure the reuse of the reclaimed wastewater in the process.