Abstract– Agriculture crowdfunding is a new alternative financing for farmers. The purpose of this paper is to understand some added values provided by agriculture crowdfunding in Indonesia compare to traditional financing and to understand the potential demand of crowdfunding platform. This paper also explores what factors influence farmers to choose crowdfunding platform as their alternative financing. A series of in-depth interview were conducted with 3 Indonesian agriculture crowdfunding s and 30 farmers in Central Java area. These data are presented in simple form to compare the benefits of 3 agriculture crowdfunding s and to explain which benefits are interesting for the farmers. The findings in this paper are agriculture crowdfunding provides field support (agriculture expert) and crop buyers which are not provided by traditional financing. Agriculture crowdfunding asks no collateral from the farmers and use profit sharing method. Potential demand for crowdfunding is high because more than 70% of the farmers informant would like to use agriculture crowdfunding for their next source of financing. Keywords: Agriculture, Crowdfunding , Financing

The manufacturing sector is one of the most dominant economic sectors in in achieving growth and development in Indonesia. It needs adequate fund to develop its business. The sources of fund are from internal and external. The firm usually optimized the usage of internal fund prior to external fund. The internal fund comes from equity while the external funds are from debt and stock. Debt is also known as financial leverage. There is a phenomenon that the usage of debt increased the firm’s financial performance, since interest on debt could lower the payment of tax (tax shield). On the other side, the higher the financial leverage the higher the risk of bankruptcy. This research aims to analyze whether financial leverage has an influence on financial performance in the manufacturing sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) period 2015. The method of analysis used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis. This research uses quantitative approach with a sample of 140 listed companies in the manufacturing industry. The firm’s financial performance could be measured by the financial ratios. Financial Leverage ratios are ratios that measure the ability of firm’s to meet its financial obligation and the level of usage debt as compared to equity. There are several financial leverage ratios that used in this research, such as Debt Ratio (DR), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Interest Coverage Ratio (ICR), and Long Term Debt Ratio (LTDR). Financial performance indicates the ability of firm to generate profit and measured by Profitability Ratio. Return on Asset (ROA) is one of the Profitability Ratio. The statistical result shows that Debt Ratio (DR) negatively affect Return on Asset (ROA) and Interest Coverage Ratio (ICR) positively affect Return on Asset (ROA). Meanwhile, Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) and Long Term Debt Ratio (LTDR) did not affect Return on Asset (ROA). On the other hand, result shows that Debt Ratio (DR), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Interest Coverage Ratio (ICR), and Long Term Debt Ratio (LTDR) affect Return on Asset (ROA) simultaneously. Keywords: Financial Leverage, Debt Ratio (DR), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Interest Coverage Ratio (ICR), Long Term Debt Ratio (LTDR), Financial Performance, Return on Assets (ROA)

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This study has the purpose to analyze the influence of Capital Adequacy Ratio and Non-Performing Loan on profitability of Commercial Banks. The sample of this study consists of 26 Commercial Banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017-2019. This research used Multiple Regression Analysis to analyze the data gathered from audited financial reports of those banks. The results showed that the Capital Adequacy Ratio and Non-Performing Loan simultaneously affect the Profitability, which means that if there is an increase in Capital Adequacy Ratio and Non-Performing Loan, then it will be followed by an increase in Return on Assets. However, if it`s tested partially then it is only Non-Performing Loans that affect the Return on Assets. The influence was negative and statistically significant. The Capital Adequacy Ratio had positive influence on Return on Assets but not statistically significant.

The main purpose of the investment activity is to obtain profits for both the company and the investor. To generate profits for investors, the company requires initial capital to manage its operational to do business. In general, investors will make investment decisions based on the intrinsic value of the company or based on the growth of the company's profitability from the previous period. To measure those reference, investors needs historical data of financial reports as a baseline to calculate and for comparison. The barriers for startup companies are the lack or unavailability of historical financial data due to the age of startups more likely in the early stages (less than or equal to one year). This research uses the method of discounted cash flows based on the company's financial report. The rates of return to discount the cashflow are based on return from real assets, such as gold and property and stock price as financial asset. The result shows that the company is good enough to be one of investment alternative since its net present value is positive for all rate of return and its payback period is relatively short.