In diagnosis of pelvic actinomycosis, it is not necessary to consider whether an intrauterine device was being used or not. To distinguish from pelvic malignancy, various methods (including imaging study) should be considered. As for antibiotic treatment, it is believed that shorter and high dose antibiotics therapy will be sufficient treatment.

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Laparoscopic pelvic floor repair is an effective procedure and enables us to combine the advantages of laparotomy with the low morbidity of the vaginal route. In Europe, the sacrocolpopexy was more popular, but uterosacral ligament suspension is the most natural anatomic repair of defects and, hence, the least likely to be predisposed to future defects in the anterior or posterior vaginal wall or to compromise vaginal function. However, further studies are required on the long-term efficiency and reliability in order to evaluate the value of this technique.

Summary In a low‐carbon economy, nuclear energy is considered a viable option to meet increased energy demands. Several countries have been developing sodium‐cooled fast reactors (SFRs), which have a highest potential for commercialization among Generation IV reactor systems. However, for SFR's safe operation, the gas entrainment (GE) issue in SFRs should be resolved first. Although many types of free‐surface stabilizers have been studied for preventing GE, any generalized types showing a stable operating performance have not been determined yet. In this study, as a new type of free‐surface stabilizer, we have tested a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stabilizer for the Korean‐conceptual SFR. A pair of torus‐type magnets was devised for the MHD stabilizer through parametric‐model studies. The magnetism well alleviated the sources of GE such as the rotating flow and central sink. As a result, a calm free surface was achieved with an 87% reduction in vortex core depth using 0.07 T magnetic field intensity.